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胞外DNA(extracellular occurring DNA,eoDNA)是一种独立于细胞外的DNA,广泛存在于体液中。研究发现,eoDNA的浓度水平及其特异基因的改变能很好地反映疾病的发生和发展。随着生物技术的发展,eoDNA易获得、微创伤、预测早等优点引起了许多学者的关注,使得eoDNA成为非入侵疾病检测生物标记中的一颗新星。相对于健康人,肿瘤患者体内eoDNA浓度明显升高,这一特征已被研究者广泛验证,同时,研究还发现肿瘤患者eoDNA部分起源于肿瘤组织细胞,且这些DNA与肿瘤组织基因组有着相似的分子特征。这些研究成果为eoDNA取代肿瘤组织早期微创诊断肿瘤发生提供了理论基础。此外,在产检方面,从母体血浆中获取胎儿eoDNA并用以观察胎儿健康情况也日益得到学者关注。该文从eoDNA研究背景出发就其作为肿瘤诊断、预后以及产检生物标记的可能性及应用作一简单综述,并展望了eoDNA在临床疾病诊断的应用前景。
Extracellular occurring DNA (eoDNA) is an extracellular DNA that is widely found in body fluids. The study found that the level of eoDNA and its specific gene changes can well reflect the occurrence and development of the disease. With the development of biotechnology, eoDNA has become a new star in the biomarker of noninvasive disease detection due to the availability of eoDNA, minimally invasive and early prediction. Relative to healthy people, tumor patients eoDNA concentration was significantly increased, this feature has been widely validated by researchers, at the same time, the study also found that tumor patients eoDNA part originated in tumor cells, and these DNA and tumor tissue genome has a similar molecule feature. These findings provide a theoretical basis for eoDNA to replace the early minimally invasive diagnosis of tumor in tumor tissue. In addition, in the field of birth control, fetus eoDNA obtained from maternal plasma and used to observe the health of the fetus has also been increasingly concerned by scholars. Based on the background of eoDNA research, this article gives a brief overview of its potential as a tumor diagnostic, prognostic and biomarker for clinical examination and its application prospects. The prospect of eoDNA in the diagnosis of clinical diseases is also prospected.