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过去30年,铜硫化矿熔炼和吹炼中提高氧的用量,以及实行计算机在线控制,导致冶炼强度和精矿处理能力大幅度提高,降低了熔炼能耗并改善了烟气SO2的回收。一台熔炼炉年处理精矿量100万t是新的工业标准。顶部浸没式氧枪熔炼近年已成为一个重要的生产方法,两个新的连续吹炼法在上世纪90年代已经工业化。然而,由于转炉吹炼作业的改进和转炉规格的加大,PS转炉吹炼仍然保持着技术上的主导地位。过去30年,世界铜熔炼企业已经发生重大改组。受快速经济增长的刺激以及对基础材料的大量需求,在中国、印度以及其他亚洲一些国家已经建立了许多现代大型的铜冶炼厂。其他地区铜的熔炼和电解能力仅有适度的增长。而在美国阴极铜产量正出现实质性下降。本文作者查阅了最近的技术进步和工业发展以及一些突出问题,如将要成为讨论焦点的能源消耗问题和相应的温室气体排放问题。
Over the past 30 years, increasing the amount of oxygen used in smelting and blowing of copper sulphide ores, as well as on-line computer control has led to a substantial increase in smelting strength and concentrate handling capacity, reduced smelting energy consumption and improved flue gas SO2 recovery. A melting furnace annual processing capacity of 1 million tons of concentrate is the new industry standard. Top-submerged lance smelting has become an important production method in recent years and two new continuous blowing methods have been industrialized in the 1990s. However, due to the improvement of converter blowing operation and the increase of converter specifications, PS converter blowing still maintains the technical dominance. Over the past 30 years, the world’s copper smelting enterprises have undergone major restructuring. Stimulated by rapid economic growth and the massive demand for basic materials, many modern large-scale copper smelters have been established in China, India and other Asian countries. Elsewhere copper smelting and electrolysis capacity only modest growth. In the United States cathode copper production is a substantial decline. The author looks at recent technological advances and industrial developments as well as some outstanding issues such as energy consumption issues and corresponding greenhouse gas emissions that will be the focus of discussion.