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对退休年龄的规定是世界各国社会保障立法的一项重要内容。法律对退休年龄的规定直接关系到养老保险基金的盈亏、就业与失业,甚至影响到整个国民经济的运行。因为人口老龄化的影响,也因为主流经济思潮的转变(新自由主义的崛起),西方国家出现了推迟法定退休年龄的这样一种趋势。但与此同时,有的人却从减少失业、增进民众福祉的角度,反对推迟法定退休年龄。在中国,提前退休更成为许多企业“减员增效”的有力手段。那么,到底应该推迟法定退休年龄呢?还是允许提前退休?本文谈谈自己的看法。一、推迟退休,人口老龄化的要求。主张推迟法定退休年龄的人,主要有以下两点理论依据:首先,推迟法定退休年龄,是人口老龄化的必然要求。所谓人口老龄化,指的是老年人口占全部人口的比重及其动态变化。根据国际
Provisions on the retirement age are an important part of the social security legislation in all countries in the world. The law stipulates that retirement age is directly related to the profit and loss of the pension insurance fund, employment and unemployment, and even affects the operation of the entire national economy. Because of the impact of population aging and because of the shift in mainstream economic trends (the rise of neo-liberalism), Western countries have seen such a trend of postponing the legal retirement age. In the meantime, however, some people oppose postponing the legal retirement age from the perspective of reducing unemployment and improving people’s well-being. In China, early retirement has become a powerful tool for many enterprises to “reduce staff productivity.” So, in the end should be postponed the statutory retirement age? Or allow early retirement? This article talk about their own views. First, defer retirement, the aging population requirements. Those who advocate the postponement of the statutory retirement age mainly include the following two theoretical grounds: First, to postpone the statutory retirement age is an inevitable requirement for the aging of the population. The so-called population aging refers to the proportion of elderly population in the total population and its dynamic changes. According to the international