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目的分析营养干预对改善儿童营养状况的效果,为干预决策提供依据。方法选取天津市静海县子牙镇2个村5岁以下儿童分别作为干预组与对照组,每组60人,利用多种形式对干预组进行营养干预,对照组只采用常规健康教育。在干预后评估分析两组儿童血红蛋白水平、贫血率、生长迟缓率、低体重率营养相关指标及儿童家庭膳食摄入状况及婴幼儿辅食添加情况的改变。结果干预后干预组儿童的血红蛋白水平升高,且明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预组贫血率降低,且明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。儿童家庭对畜禽肉类、鱼类,豆类、奶类、水果类食物年人均消费量增加,食用植物油减少;干预后干预组婴幼儿辅食添加时间比干预前提前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);婴幼儿添加奶类、蔬菜水果、动物性食物频率每周4d以上的比例增加,且明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对农村儿童开展营养干预效果良好,儿童家庭的膳食摄入、婴幼儿辅食添加情况及儿童贫血状况均改善。
Objective To analyze the effect of nutrition intervention on improving children’s nutritional status, and to provide evidence for intervention decision-making. Methods Two children under 5 years old from Zijia Town, Jinghai County, Tianjin City were selected as the intervention group and the control group, with 60 in each group. Nutritional interventions were performed on the intervention group in various forms, while the control group received routine health education. After intervention, the levels of hemoglobin, anemia, growth retardation, nutritional indicators of low body weight, dietary intake of children and infant food supplements were analyzed. Results The level of hemoglobin in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P <0.05), and the anemia in the intervention group was lower than that in the control group (P <0.05). The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Per capita consumption of livestock and poultry meat, fish, beans, milk and fruits increased with the increase of consumption of vegetable oil in children’s families. Supplementation of infant food in the intervention group was earlier than before intervention, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The frequency of adding milk, vegetables, fruits and animal food to infants and young children increased more than 4d per week, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (P <0.05). Conclusions Nutritional interventions for rural children are effective, and dietary intake of children and children, supplementing of food supplement for infants and young children, and improvement of children’s anemia are all improved.