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阿莫格乌兹(Amougguez)水力发电厂位于摩洛哥马拉喀什(Marrakech)以东约130km的阿特拉斯高山区,其中包括长7km的引水隧洞(压力=8bar),大部分(约6500m)采用TBM开挖。隧洞衬砌内径为4m,下游2683m的开挖直径为4.8m,上游4345m的开挖直径为4.65m。从下游到上游,构成地层的岩石依次为中至上里阿斯统、道格统和上侏罗统钙质泥灰岩和砂岩,掘进速度为30m/d。上里阿斯统由棕红色泥灰岩、灰黄色钙质泥灰岩和大量石膏和硬石膏构成,尤其是MP382～870和MP1030～1130两段。石膏和硬石膏的存在使得摩洛哥国家电力局(ONE)与法国电力局(EDF)合作,用钢板作为相关隧洞段的衬砌,以确保衬砌完全不透水。本文介绍EDF对工程投入使用几年后隧洞中石膏的溶解等三次事故的处理经验,籍此提出作者对阿莫格乌兹引水隧洞设计的一些建议。
The Amougguez hydroelectric power plant is located in the Atlas Alpine region about 130km east of Marrakech, Morocco, including a 7km long diversion tunnel (pressure = 8bar), most of which (about 6500m) Excavated with TBM. The inner diameter of the tunnel lining is 4m, the excavation diameter of the downstream 2683m is 4.8m, and the excavation diameter of the upstream 4345m is 4.65m. From the lower reaches to the upper reaches, the rocks that make up the strata are as follows: middle to upper Asstallane, Douglas-Coulomb and Upper Jurassic calcareous marl and sandstone with a speed of 30m / d. The Upper Altair is composed of red-brown marl, lime-yellow calcareous marl and a large amount of gypsum and anhydrite, especially two sections MP382 ~ 870 and MP1030 ~ 1130. The presence of gypsum and anhydrite enabled the Moroccan State Power Authority (ONE) to work with the French Electricity Authority (EDF) to use steel plates as the lining for the relevant tunnel sections to ensure complete impermeability of the lining. This article introduces EDF’s experience in handling three accidents caused by the dissolution of gypsum in the tunnel several years after the project was put into operation. Based on this, the authors put forward some suggestions on the design of the Amorgz diversion tunnel.