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抗病毒天然免疫是宿主抗病毒感染的第一道防线。研究证明,病毒感染时,几乎所有细胞都能诱导I型干扰素(IFN-I)及其下游的干扰素刺激基因(ISG)的表达,进而介导宿主的抗病毒天然免疫。最新研究发现,细胞组分,尤其是脂质代谢几乎可以促进病毒复制周期的所有阶段,包括病毒与宿主细胞的初始相互作用、囊膜与细胞膜融合、病毒组装和出芽等。这些阶段均是宿主抗病毒天然免疫的作用靶点,也是预防和治疗病毒感染的有效途径。因此,细胞代谢(尤其是脂代谢)在病毒感染诱导的天然免疫中必定发挥极为关键的作用。代谢在抗病毒天然免疫中作用的研究,必将为预防和治疗病毒感染新途径和新方法的开发提供新的思路。综述将重点探讨代谢在线粒体、过氧化物酶体和少数ISG参与的抗病毒天然免疫中的作用。
Antiviral innate immunity is the first line of defense against host antiviral infections. Studies have shown that almost all cells can induce the expression of type I interferon (IFN-I) and its downstream interferon stimulating gene (ISG) during virus infection, and then mediate the host’s antiviral innate immunity. Recent studies have found that cell components, especially lipid metabolism, promote almost all stages of the viral replication cycle, including the initial interaction of the virus with the host cell, the fusion of the envelope of the membrane with the cell membrane, the assembly of the virus, budding and the like. These stages are the host of anti-virus natural immune target, but also an effective way to prevent and treat viral infection. Therefore, cellular metabolism (especially lipid metabolism) must play an extremely crucial role in innate immunity induced by viral infection. The study of the role of metabolism in antiviral innate immunity will certainly provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of new pathways and new methods of virus infection. The review will focus on the role of metabolism in innate antiviral immunity involving mitochondria, peroxisomes and a few ISGs.