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一、单词
1. clean vt. 打扫;清除 eg:
He cleans the room every day. 他每天打扫屋子。
Please clean desk. It’s too dirty. 请擦一下课桌,太脏了。
[拓展]clean还可用作形容词,意为“清洁的,干净的”,其反义词是dirty。eg:
You should keep the room clean. 你应当保持房间清洁。
He is always wearing clean clothes. 他总是穿着干净的衣服。
[妙辨异同]clean与clear
(1)用作动词时,clean指弄干净,清洁; clear指清理掉不要的东西。eg:
The pupils are cleaning the windows. 孩子们在擦窗子。
My mother is clearing the table after dinner. 晚餐后妈妈在收拾饭桌。
(2)用作形容词时,clean指没有尘埃、污物; clear指清澈透明。eg:
The blackboard is very clean. 黑板非常干净。
The water in the lake is as clear as glass. 湖里的水清澈见底。
2. on prep. 通过;以……的方式。指借助于某事物,或靠、用某事物。常用结构为“on+the+名词”。eg:
My father likes to listen to music on the radio. 我爸爸喜欢用收音机听音乐。
They are talking on the phone. 他们在用电话交谈。
3. sound系动词,意为“听起来”,其后常接形容词作表语。类似的系动词还有:look“看起来”, feel“感觉”, turn“变得”, taste“品尝”, smell“嗅,闻”等。eg:
The piece of music sounds beautiful. 这段音乐听起来很美妙。
The soup smells delicious! 那汤闻起来真香!
[拓展]sound还可以作名词,意为“声音”,指各种声音。eg:
Light travels faster than sound. 光波比声波传播得快。
I heard the sound of a baby crying. 我听见有婴儿哭的声音。
4. wait vi. 意为“等;等待”。后面不能直接跟名词或代词作宾语,如果要表示“等待某人或某物”,常与介词for连用,即wait for sb./sth.。eg:
I’m waiting for my sister. (接人)我正在等我的妹妹。
Ary you waiting for the bus? (接物)你正在等公共汽车吗?
[固定搭配]can’t wait to do sth. 固定短语,表示“迫不及待做某事”。eg:
I can’t wait to see you again!我迫不及待再见到你。
5. west n. 西;西方adj. 西方的;在西方的;向西方的 eg:
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. (名词)
太阳从东方升起,在西方落下。
He comes from West Africa. (作形容词)他来自西非。
[联想记忆](1)west的形容词形式为western,意为“西方的,西部的”。eg:
Have you ever been to western countries? 你去过西方国家吗?
(2)其他方位名词还有:east东方, south 南方, north 北方
其相应的形容词形式是:eastern东方的, southern 南方的, northern北方的
6. shop v. 买东西;购物。其现在分词为shopping。常用作固定搭配go shopping,意为“去买东西,去购物”; shopping list意为“购物单”。eg:
I always shop on Fridays. 我总是在星期五买东西。
Would you like to go shopping with me? 你想和我一起去购物吗?
[拓展]shop还可作名词,意为“商店”。固定搭配shop assistant,意为“售货员;店员”。eg:
The local dress shop is having a sale. 当地的时装店正在大减价。
7. cook v. 烹调,煮。后可接双宾语,即cook sb. sth.或者cook sth. for sb.,意为“给某人做饭/菜”。eg:
My mother cooked me a delicious meal.
=My mother cooked a delicious meal for me. 妈妈给我做了一顿可口的饭菜。
[拓展]cook还可用作名词,意为“厨师;炊事员”。eg:
My wife is a good cook. 我的妻子是一位高明的厨师。
8. bad adj. 坏的;劣质的。其副词形式为badly。固定搭配be bad at,其后可接名词或动名词形式,意为“不擅长……;拙于……”。eg:
You can’t take photos if the light is bad. 光线不足,就无法拍照。
Many pupils are bad at spelling. 许多小学生不擅长拼写。
[拓展]bad用作形容词,还可意为“严重的;厉害的”,常位于名词前面作定语。eg:
have a bad cold 患重感冒 have a bad headache 剧烈的头痛
a bad mistake 一次严重错误 a bad accident 一起严重事故
9. terrible adj. 很糟的;极坏的;可怕的。既可用作表语又可用作定语。eg:
That music was terrible. (作表语)那乐曲糟透了。
Being lost in that forest was a experience. (作定语)在那个森林里迷路是一次可怕的经历。
10. group n. 团体;组。常用固定搭配a group of,意为“一群,后面可接复数名词;作主语时,谓语动词用复数。eg:
A group of children are playing in the playground. 一群孩子正在操场上玩。
二、辨析
1. watch, look, read与see
(1)watch意为“观看;注视”,通常指观看正在动的东西,强调集中注意力或有欣赏性地看,多用来表示观看电视、比赛等。eg:
I’m watching a football match. 我正在看一场足球赛。
(2)look意为“看”,不管结果如何,只强调看的动作。后面跟宾语时要加介词at。eg:
Look at the photo of my family, please. 请看我家的全家福。
(3)read意为“看;读;阅读”,主要指“看”带有文字、内容的书、报等。eg:
My father is reading an English magazine now. 我的爸爸现在正看一本英文杂志。
(4)see意为“看到”,强调结果,也可用于“看电影”。eg:
Can you see that monkey in the tree? 你能看见树上那只猴子吗?
2. with与and
with与and意思都为“和”,但词性不同。and是连词,用来连接两个表示并列关系的词、短语或句子,多用于肯定句;而with是介词,后面常跟名词或代词的宾格,在句中一般作状语。eg:
The cat is white and black. 这只猫是黑白花的。
Can you go with me? 你能和我一起去吗?
and连接两个人或物作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;而with短语位于主语之后时,谓语动词与with前面的主语在数上保持一致。eg:
My sister and I often play the piano at home. 我和我的妹妹经常在家弹钢琴。
My sister with me often plays the piano at home. 我的妹妹经常和我在家弹钢琴。
3. vacation, holiday与festival
三者都有“假日”的意思。其区别是: vacation在英式英语中只表示大学的假期,在美式英语中,凡是较长时间的休假都可用这个词; holiday指风俗习惯、法津规定或为了纪念某件事情的节假日; festival指具有悠久历史的传统节日以及电影节、艺术节等,并含有定期欢度的意味。eg:
They’re on vacation these days. 这些天他们正在休假。
Martin Luther King Day is now a public holiday in most states.
马丁•路德•金纪念日现在在大多数州都是公共假日。
Christmas is one of the main festivals in the Christian Calendar.
圣诞节是基督教历法中的一个重要节日。
4. often, usually, sometimes与always
(1)often指“经常性”动作。eg:
They often play football after classes. 下课后他们经常踢足球。
(2)usually也指“经常性”动作,但是从已经“形成习惯”的角度来说明问题。eg:
Mother usually does some washing on Sundays. 母亲通常在星期天洗衣服。
(3)sometimes意思是“有时”、“不时地”,经常和一般现在时连用。eg:
I usually go to school by bike but sometimes by bus.
我通常骑自行车上学但有时乘公共汽车。
He usually has lunch at home but sometimes at school. 他通常在家吃午饭但有时在学校吃。
(4)always(=at all times)作“总是”讲,含有毫无例外之意。eg:
She always stays at home on Sundays. 星期天她总是待在家里。
They always finish their homework on time. 他们总是按时完成作业。
注意:always与现在进行时连用时,含有赞扬或讨厌等感情色彩。
1. clean vt. 打扫;清除 eg:
He cleans the room every day. 他每天打扫屋子。
Please clean desk. It’s too dirty. 请擦一下课桌,太脏了。
[拓展]clean还可用作形容词,意为“清洁的,干净的”,其反义词是dirty。eg:
You should keep the room clean. 你应当保持房间清洁。
He is always wearing clean clothes. 他总是穿着干净的衣服。
[妙辨异同]clean与clear
(1)用作动词时,clean指弄干净,清洁; clear指清理掉不要的东西。eg:
The pupils are cleaning the windows. 孩子们在擦窗子。
My mother is clearing the table after dinner. 晚餐后妈妈在收拾饭桌。
(2)用作形容词时,clean指没有尘埃、污物; clear指清澈透明。eg:
The blackboard is very clean. 黑板非常干净。
The water in the lake is as clear as glass. 湖里的水清澈见底。
2. on prep. 通过;以……的方式。指借助于某事物,或靠、用某事物。常用结构为“on+the+名词”。eg:
My father likes to listen to music on the radio. 我爸爸喜欢用收音机听音乐。
They are talking on the phone. 他们在用电话交谈。
3. sound系动词,意为“听起来”,其后常接形容词作表语。类似的系动词还有:look“看起来”, feel“感觉”, turn“变得”, taste“品尝”, smell“嗅,闻”等。eg:
The piece of music sounds beautiful. 这段音乐听起来很美妙。
The soup smells delicious! 那汤闻起来真香!
[拓展]sound还可以作名词,意为“声音”,指各种声音。eg:
Light travels faster than sound. 光波比声波传播得快。
I heard the sound of a baby crying. 我听见有婴儿哭的声音。
4. wait vi. 意为“等;等待”。后面不能直接跟名词或代词作宾语,如果要表示“等待某人或某物”,常与介词for连用,即wait for sb./sth.。eg:
I’m waiting for my sister. (接人)我正在等我的妹妹。
Ary you waiting for the bus? (接物)你正在等公共汽车吗?
[固定搭配]can’t wait to do sth. 固定短语,表示“迫不及待做某事”。eg:
I can’t wait to see you again!我迫不及待再见到你。
5. west n. 西;西方adj. 西方的;在西方的;向西方的 eg:
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. (名词)
太阳从东方升起,在西方落下。
He comes from West Africa. (作形容词)他来自西非。
[联想记忆](1)west的形容词形式为western,意为“西方的,西部的”。eg:
Have you ever been to western countries? 你去过西方国家吗?
(2)其他方位名词还有:east东方, south 南方, north 北方
其相应的形容词形式是:eastern东方的, southern 南方的, northern北方的
6. shop v. 买东西;购物。其现在分词为shopping。常用作固定搭配go shopping,意为“去买东西,去购物”; shopping list意为“购物单”。eg:
I always shop on Fridays. 我总是在星期五买东西。
Would you like to go shopping with me? 你想和我一起去购物吗?
[拓展]shop还可作名词,意为“商店”。固定搭配shop assistant,意为“售货员;店员”。eg:
The local dress shop is having a sale. 当地的时装店正在大减价。
7. cook v. 烹调,煮。后可接双宾语,即cook sb. sth.或者cook sth. for sb.,意为“给某人做饭/菜”。eg:
My mother cooked me a delicious meal.
=My mother cooked a delicious meal for me. 妈妈给我做了一顿可口的饭菜。
[拓展]cook还可用作名词,意为“厨师;炊事员”。eg:
My wife is a good cook. 我的妻子是一位高明的厨师。
8. bad adj. 坏的;劣质的。其副词形式为badly。固定搭配be bad at,其后可接名词或动名词形式,意为“不擅长……;拙于……”。eg:
You can’t take photos if the light is bad. 光线不足,就无法拍照。
Many pupils are bad at spelling. 许多小学生不擅长拼写。
[拓展]bad用作形容词,还可意为“严重的;厉害的”,常位于名词前面作定语。eg:
have a bad cold 患重感冒 have a bad headache 剧烈的头痛
a bad mistake 一次严重错误 a bad accident 一起严重事故
9. terrible adj. 很糟的;极坏的;可怕的。既可用作表语又可用作定语。eg:
That music was terrible. (作表语)那乐曲糟透了。
Being lost in that forest was a experience. (作定语)在那个森林里迷路是一次可怕的经历。
10. group n. 团体;组。常用固定搭配a group of,意为“一群,后面可接复数名词;作主语时,谓语动词用复数。eg:
A group of children are playing in the playground. 一群孩子正在操场上玩。
二、辨析
1. watch, look, read与see
(1)watch意为“观看;注视”,通常指观看正在动的东西,强调集中注意力或有欣赏性地看,多用来表示观看电视、比赛等。eg:
I’m watching a football match. 我正在看一场足球赛。
(2)look意为“看”,不管结果如何,只强调看的动作。后面跟宾语时要加介词at。eg:
Look at the photo of my family, please. 请看我家的全家福。
(3)read意为“看;读;阅读”,主要指“看”带有文字、内容的书、报等。eg:
My father is reading an English magazine now. 我的爸爸现在正看一本英文杂志。
(4)see意为“看到”,强调结果,也可用于“看电影”。eg:
Can you see that monkey in the tree? 你能看见树上那只猴子吗?
2. with与and
with与and意思都为“和”,但词性不同。and是连词,用来连接两个表示并列关系的词、短语或句子,多用于肯定句;而with是介词,后面常跟名词或代词的宾格,在句中一般作状语。eg:
The cat is white and black. 这只猫是黑白花的。
Can you go with me? 你能和我一起去吗?
and连接两个人或物作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;而with短语位于主语之后时,谓语动词与with前面的主语在数上保持一致。eg:
My sister and I often play the piano at home. 我和我的妹妹经常在家弹钢琴。
My sister with me often plays the piano at home. 我的妹妹经常和我在家弹钢琴。
3. vacation, holiday与festival
三者都有“假日”的意思。其区别是: vacation在英式英语中只表示大学的假期,在美式英语中,凡是较长时间的休假都可用这个词; holiday指风俗习惯、法津规定或为了纪念某件事情的节假日; festival指具有悠久历史的传统节日以及电影节、艺术节等,并含有定期欢度的意味。eg:
They’re on vacation these days. 这些天他们正在休假。
Martin Luther King Day is now a public holiday in most states.
马丁•路德•金纪念日现在在大多数州都是公共假日。
Christmas is one of the main festivals in the Christian Calendar.
圣诞节是基督教历法中的一个重要节日。
4. often, usually, sometimes与always
(1)often指“经常性”动作。eg:
They often play football after classes. 下课后他们经常踢足球。
(2)usually也指“经常性”动作,但是从已经“形成习惯”的角度来说明问题。eg:
Mother usually does some washing on Sundays. 母亲通常在星期天洗衣服。
(3)sometimes意思是“有时”、“不时地”,经常和一般现在时连用。eg:
I usually go to school by bike but sometimes by bus.
我通常骑自行车上学但有时乘公共汽车。
He usually has lunch at home but sometimes at school. 他通常在家吃午饭但有时在学校吃。
(4)always(=at all times)作“总是”讲,含有毫无例外之意。eg:
She always stays at home on Sundays. 星期天她总是待在家里。
They always finish their homework on time. 他们总是按时完成作业。
注意:always与现在进行时连用时,含有赞扬或讨厌等感情色彩。