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目的:了解三都水族自治县(三都县)0～6岁儿童智力低下(MR)的患病情况及其影响因素。方法:于2011年6月～2012年6月,采用分层整群随机抽样的方法对三都县0～6岁儿童1 982名进行问卷调查和MR筛查,并对与MR相关的因素进行单因素及多因素分析。结果:1 982名0～6岁儿童中,确诊MR为59人,现患率为29.77‰。男性儿童确诊为MR 41例,现患率为37.51‰(41/1 093);女性儿童确诊为MR 18例,现患率为20.25‰(18/889),男性儿童MR现患率高于女性儿童,差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.06,P<0.01)。单因素分析显示,年龄、孕周、母亲文化程度、养育方式、居住环境、家庭经济条件、养育习惯、母亲吸烟、母亲饮酒等为影响儿童MR的危险因素(P<0.05)。多因素分析表明,孕周、母亲文化程度、养育方式、居住环境、家庭经济条件为影响儿童MR的独立危险因素。结论:三都县0～6岁儿童MR的患病率高于国内平均水平。影响儿童MR的独立危险因素为孕周、母亲文化程度、养育方式、居住环境、家庭经济条件。
Objective: To understand the prevalence and influencing factors of mental retardation (MR) among children aged 0 ~ 6 in Sandu Shui Autonomous County (Sandu County). Methods: From June 2011 to June 2012, questionnaires and MR screening of 1 982 children aged 0-6 years in Sandu County were conducted by stratified cluster random sampling method and MR-related factors were investigated Univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Of the 1 982 children aged 0-6 years, MR was diagnosed as 59 and the prevalence was 29.77 ‰. The prevalence of MR was 41.5% (41/1 093) in male children, and 18 (18.25%) cases were diagnosed as MR in female children, the prevalence of MR in male children was higher than that in female children There was statistical significance (χ2 = 5.06, P <0.01). Univariate analysis showed that age, gestational age, mother’s education, parenting style, living environment, family economic conditions, parenting habits, mother’s smoking and mother’s drinking were the risk factors influencing MR in children (P <0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that gestational age, mother’s education level, parenting style, living environment and family economic conditions were the independent risk factors affecting children’s MR. Conclusion: The prevalence of MR in children aged 0-6 in Sandu County is higher than the national average. The independent risk factors affecting children MR were gestational age, mother’s education level, parenting style, living environment and family economic conditions.