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近年来,重油开发方面取得的技术进步提高了重油开发的可行性。重点对重油和沥青质原油应用喷嘴碟式离心机和传统脱水工艺技术进行了比较。重油的性质和组成决定了其具有许多不理想的品质,如在沥青质、颗粒和天然乳化剂存在时容易形成稳定的乳状液。另外,原油高黏度和相对较高的固体杂质含量更加剧了原油脱水的难度。当重油的密度增加接近于水时,传统的静态沉降脱水工艺变得很不适用,需要加热和添加化学剂才能实现原油脱水,最终达到输送炼厂的条件。此时离心机是简便有效的解决手段,可以实现高黏乳化原油的破乳、水分和固体杂质的分离。
In recent years, technological advances in heavy oil development have increased the viability of heavy oil development. The emphasis is on the comparison of heavy duty oils and asphaltenes using nozzle disk centrifuges and conventional dewatering techniques. The nature and composition of the heavy oil determines that it has many undesirable qualities, such as the tendency to form stable emulsions in the presence of asphaltenes, particulates and natural emulsifiers. In addition, the high viscosity of crude oil and relatively high levels of solid impurities further exacerbate the difficulty of crude oil dehydration. When the density of heavy oil increases close to that of water, the traditional static settling dehydration process becomes very inadequate, requiring heating and adding chemicals to achieve crude oil dehydration, and ultimately to the refinery delivery conditions. At this point the centrifuge is a simple and effective solution to the demulsification of high viscosity emulsified crude oil, water and solid impurities separation.