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一、引言对国家的概念及其变迁的研究,历来是哲学、政治学和法学研究的一个重点。然而,有关国家的概念之多,说法之异,无出其右者。古今中外关于“国家”的概念之所以复杂且多有歧义,除了文化传统和习俗上的差异以外,因着不同的学术传统和学科的见解,国家的概念自然不同。比如,国家法上的国家概念更加强调主权的要素,而不同的哲学传统对国家的概念也有不同,如马克思主义政治哲学更加强调国家的阶级本质,自由主义的政治哲学更加强调国家的契约本质,宪政哲学更加强调国家的统治本质。
I. Introduction The study of the concept of the state and its changes has always been a focus of the study of philosophy, politics and law. However, there are many different concepts of the country concerned, which are different from those of others. The concept of “state ” at all times and in all countries is complicated and often ambiguous. Apart from differences in cultural traditions and customs, the concept of a country varies naturally due to different academic traditions and disciplines. For example, the concept of state in national law places more emphasis on the elements of sovereignty, while the different philosophical traditions have different concepts on the state. For example, the Marxist political philosophy emphasizes the class essence of the country more. Liberal political philosophy emphasizes more on the contractual nature of the state, Constitutional philosophy emphasizes more the essence of state rule.