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目的 论证鄱阳湖控制工程对血吸虫病流行态势的影响 ,并针对可能产生的负面影响提出干预措施。方法 了解控湖工程总体规划设想 ,以及大坝建成后水位调度方案的构思 ;收集鄱阳湖区钉螺分布与生态研究资料 ,结合以上水位调度方案 ,从理论上预测建坝蓄水对钉螺生存繁殖和血吸虫病传播的影响程度 ;重点调查 3个中型建坝蓄水工程的坝内水位变幅 ,及其在不同水情条件下钉螺消亡的时限和血吸虫病疫情演变的历程。结果 在控湖工程前期论证中 ,对建坝后的水位排蓄 ,存在“16 - 18m”和“14 - 16 m”两种方案之争 ,根据理论和实践两方面论证 ,确认建坝蓄水能消灭坝内钉螺 ,执行 16 - 18m方案灭绝钉螺需 4年左右 ,“14 - 16 m”方案则需 8年 ;“蓄水灭螺”的机理 ,并非完全归因于“水淹”,坝内水位变幅缩小引起的高位有螺洲滩干旱和低位洲滩淹涝 ,以及中位洲滩在不同特征水位年份出现的干旱和淹涝 ,将为导致钉螺消亡的真实原因 ;建坝蓄水后的病情下降将与螺口逐年减少相一致 ,且无反弹现象 ;控湖工程实施当年 ,春季水面尾蚴可能剧增 ,必需强化防护和当年的人群化疗 ,在钉螺尚未灭绝的数年内 ,尚需加强疫情监测与处理。结论 人工控制和综合开发鄱阳湖 ,能在较短期限内消灭钉螺和阻断血吸虫病传播。
Objective To demonstrate the impact of Poyang Lake control project on the epidemic situation of schistosomiasis and to propose interventions aimed at the possible negative effects. Methods To understand the overall plan of the control lake project and the concept of the water level regulation plan after the completion of the dam. Collect snail distribution and ecological research data in the Poyang Lake area. Combining with the above water level scheduling plan, The extent of the impact of disease transmission; focus on the investigation of three medium-sized dam water storage project within the water level amplitude, and under different water conditions snail death and schistosomiasis epidemic evolution course. Results In the demonstration of preliminary control of the lake project, there was a dispute between two schemes of “16 - 18m” and “14 - 16m” for the water level after dam construction. Based on the theory and practice, It can take about 4 years to eliminate snails in the dam, 16 to 18m in plan, and 8 to 14 to 16 m in plan. The mechanism of “water snail killing” is not completely attributed to “flooding” Drought and submergence caused by the decline of the inland water level due to the narrowing of the inland water level will lead to the demise of the Oncomelania snail and the construction of dam water storage After the fall of the disease will be consistent with the year-on-year decline in the screw, and no rebound phenomenon; control lake project implementation year, spring water cercariae may surge, the need to strengthen the protection and the current population of chemotherapy, snails have not yet extinct in a few years, Strengthen epidemic situation monitoring and treatment. Conclusion Artificial control and comprehensive development of Poyang Lake can eliminate snails and block the spread of schistosomiasis in a relatively short period of time.