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我们对上海市静安区两个里委361名≥60岁老年人膳食结构和营养状况进行了调查。膳食调查采用膳食史询问法,并对1/3老人进行维生素B_1、B_2和C的尿负荷试验。结果表明,1.膳食中粮食和蔬菜类各占30％以上,动物性食品占10％～13％;蔬菜和豆类制品摄入量女性大于男性,70岁以上者大于60岁年龄组。2.热量摄入60～69岁男10.80kJ/日,女9.35kJ/日;≥70岁男9.84kJ/日,女8.95kJ/日。3.蛋白质、脂肪和糖类的供热比例分别为10.5％～11.5％、24.2％～28.3％和60.2％～65.3％。4.蛋白质的食物来源较好,其中动物性食品和豆类食品占总蛋白量的45％。5.三餐热量安排不合理,早餐少、晚餐多。6.铁和维生素B_1、C及尼克酸供给充裕,钙、维生素A、B_2均低于推荐供给量(RDA)。维生素B_2与C的尿负荷试验结果与膳食调查结果相吻合,而维生素B_1的尿负荷试验发现营养缺乏和不足者比例较高,占83.4％。
We investigated the dietary structure and nutritional status of 361 seniors ≥60 years old in two committees in Jing’an District of Shanghai. Dietary survey using dietary history inquiry method, and 1/3 of the elderly vitamin B_1, B_2 and C urine load test. The results showed that: 1. The dietary food and vegetables each accounted for more than 30%, animal food accounted for 10% to 13%; vegetables and beans products intake of women than men, more than 70 years older than the 60-year-old age group. 2. caloric intake of 60 to 69-year-old male 10.80kJ / day, female 9.35kJ / day; ≥ 70 years old male 9.84kJ / day, female 8.95kJ / day. The proportion of heat supplied by protein, fat and sugar were 10.5% ~ 11.5%, 24.2% ~ 28.3% and 60.2% ~ 65.3% respectively. 4. The food source of protein is better, of which animal food and bean food make up 45% of the total amount of protein. 5. Three meals calorie unreasonable, breakfast less, more dinner. Iron and vitamin B_1, C and nicotinic acid supply is sufficient, calcium, vitamin A, B_2 are lower than the recommended supply (RDA). The urine load test results of vitamin B_2 and C are consistent with the dietary survey results. However, the vitamin B_1 urine load test found that the rate of nutritional deficiencies and deficiencies is high, accounting for 83.4%.