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●必须了解各类肥料的理化特性家庭养花多以化肥为主要肥源,不同理化性质的化肥施入花盆后对植物和土壤溶液产生的作用是不一样的。因此,肥料可分为生理酸性肥、生理碱性肥和中性肥。凡是含有易被植物吸收利用的阳离子和利用较少的酸根的肥料,被称之为生理酸性肥。当植物吸收阳离子后,大量的酸根滞留在土壤溶液中,使土壤溶液酸度加大。这类肥料有硫酸钾、硫酸铵、氯化钾等;生理碱性肥则是肥料中的酸根和较少金属阳离子被植物吸收利用,大多数金属离子留在土壤溶液中,使土壤溶液碱性增加,如硝酸钠、磷酸钙等;生理中性肥则基本不会改变土壤的酸碱性,如氮肥中的尿素。此外,还要注意肥料的肥力,即要区别速效性肥料和迟效性肥料,如过磷酸钙就是速效性肥料,钙美磷肥则为半速效碱性肥。不同的肥料在土壤中的分解速度
● Must understand the physical and chemical characteristics of various types of fertilizers Family flowers are mostly fertilizers as the main source of fertilizers, different physical and chemical properties of fertilizer applied to the flower pot plant and soil after the role is not the same. Therefore, the fertilizer can be divided into physiological acid fertilizer, physiological alkaline fertilizer and neutral fertilizer. Any plant that contains easily absorbed by the use of cations and the use of less acid roots of the fertilizer, is called physiological acid fertilizers. When the plant absorbs cations, a large number of acid roots remain in the soil solution, making the acidity of the soil solution increased. Such fertilizers are potassium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, potassium chloride, etc .; physiological alkaline fertilizer is fertilizer in the roots and less metal ions are absorbed by plants, most of the metal ions remain in the soil solution, so that the alkaline soil solution Increase, such as sodium nitrate, calcium phosphate, etc .; physiological neutral fertilizer will not change the basic soil pH, such as nitrogen in urea. In addition, we must pay attention to the fertility of fertilizers, that is, to distinguish between quick-acting fertilizers and delayed-type fertilizers, such as superphosphate is a quick-acting fertilizer, Caramel phosphate fertilizer is half-speed alkaline fertilizer. The rate of decomposition of different fertilizers in the soil