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金川矿区不良岩层属大变形的流变岩体。在这种岩体中的(位移)物理量是反映围岩变形活动状态及其稳定性评价的主要依据。为此我们研制了BM一1型机械式多点位移计,它是量测围岩表面和内部不同深度点的位移速率、位移量及其与时间的关系,寻求松动圈和位移范围的一种直观有效的量测工具。它由锚固头,测量钢尺和孔口装置等三部分组成。锚固力主要靠压缩木膨胀产生。由于锚固力大,锚固头与孔壁建成一体,这时孔壁岩体移动就能带动测点的移动,然后从孔口钢尺读数变化中反映出来。这种位移计从1979年起在金川二矿区的各种不同巷道里安装了～百多个测点,获得了二万多个观测数据。取得了尉岩位移随时间变化的特性曲线;围岩内深达12米范围内的经向位移在时问和空间上的分布规律;以及判断围岩松动圈尺寸和位移范围的资料。在使用喷锚支护条件下,测得了两次支护合理的间隔时间和围岩允许的最大位移值。这些成果对调整支护参数、指导施工工艺过程,确保施工安全和工程稳定起到了重要的作用。
The poor rock formations in the Jinchuan mining area are large deformation rheological rock masses. The (displacement) physical quantity in this type of rock mass is the main basis for the evaluation of the surrounding rock deformation activity status and its stability evaluation. To this end, we have developed a BM-1 mechanical multi-point displacement meter, which is a measure of the displacement rate, displacement and the relationship between time and depth at the surface and internal depths of the surrounding rock. Intuitive and effective measurement tools. It consists of three parts, anchoring head, measuring steel ruler and orifice device. The anchoring force is mainly due to the expansion of compressed wood. Due to the large anchoring force, the anchor head is integrated with the wall of the hole. At this time, the movement of the rock mass in the hole wall can drive the movement of the measuring point, and then reflected from the change of the reading of the hole steel ruler. This displacement meter has installed more than 100 measurement points in various roadways in the Second Mining Area of Jinchuan since 1979 and has obtained more than 20,000 observations. The characteristics of the displacement of yellite with time are obtained; the distribution of warp displacements in the range of depth within 12 meters of the surrounding rock in time and space; and the data on the size and displacement range of the loose rock in the surrounding rock. Under the condition of using shotcrete anchor support, the reasonable interval between two supports and the maximum allowable displacement value of surrounding rock were measured. These results have played an important role in adjusting supporting parameters, guiding construction process, ensuring construction safety and project stability.