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如何处理字和词之间的关系,是编写对外汉语教材回避不了的一个问题。19世纪,英国人威妥玛《语言自迩集》一书中单字的设置方式或许可以给今人一些启示。其具体做法为:教材甫始在介绍部首功能的同时,就把部首字作为学习词语的切入点;之后专章学习单字,以及用这些单字组成的少量的散语;直至开始学习对话篇章时,才把生字以单字的形式列在课文之后。至于这些单字是单音词还是复合词中的一个语素,编者似乎浑然不觉,只是在英文注释里,有时会特别说明某字经常要跟某字结合使用。这种由字到词语的自然过渡方式,是值得今人借鉴的。
How to deal with the relationship between words and words is an issue that can not be avoided in the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language. In the 19th century, the setting of the word in the book “The Language of Erwarte” by Britt Whitman may give some inspiration to the present. The specific practice is as follows: The textbook just introduced the radical function at the same time, the first words as the starting point for learning words; then learn a single chapter, and a small number of these words scattered; until the beginning of the dialogue discourse Only after the word is listed in the form of a single word after the text. As to whether these words are mono-morphemes or morphemes in compound words, the editors seem unaware of them. Only in the English annotations, sometimes they specifically state that a word often needs to be used in conjunction with a word. This natural transition from word to word is worth learning from.