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上世纪末,即开始注意到一些药物有致癌作用。几十年来特别是近年来,通过药物致癌的流行病学、病例报告及动物实验等方面的研究,认为有些药物对人和动物有较肯定的致癌作用,有些药物的致癌作用可疑或未予充分肯定,甚至各家报告的资料互相矛盾。这除由于各家的研究方法、用药剂量及动物种属等因素不同外,还与药物致癌的潜伏期长(有的可长达数十年)而短时间内难以正确估价药物致癌作用有关。关于药物致癌的机制,可归纳为几个方面。第一,激素或释放激素的药物,可通过激素对靶器官的作用或激素代谢产物对一些器官的损害作用而致癌。第二,免疫抑制剂可通过干扰一些器官或组织的免疫机制而致癌。第
At the end of the last century, it began to notice that some drugs had carcinogenic effects. Over the past decades, especially in recent years, through the epidemiology of drug carcinogenicity, case reports, and animal experiments, it has been concluded that some drugs have a more certain carcinogenic effect on humans and animals, and the carcinogenic effects of some drugs are suspicious or insufficient. In the affirmative, even the information reported by the various companies is in contradiction. In addition to various research methods, dosages, animal species, and other factors, this is related to the long incubation period (some may last for several decades) and the difficulty in accurately estimating the carcinogenicity of drugs in a short time. The mechanism of drug carcinogenesis can be summarized in several aspects. First, hormones or hormone-releasing drugs can cause cancer through the action of hormones on target organs or the damage of hormone metabolites on some organs. Second, immunosuppressants can cause cancer by interfering with the immune mechanisms of some organs or tissues. The first