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根据大样本企业数据,本文发现出口显著抑制了中国制造业劳动收入份额增长,这为理解中国劳动报酬占GDP比重持续下降的动因提供了微观层面的支撑。具体来说,出口对中国制造业劳动收入份额增长的抑制效应,主要体现在民营企业和港澳台企业中;而在国有企业、集体企业和非港澳台外资企业中表现得不显著。这些结果表明,中国制造业企业特殊的出口模式是中国宏观层面劳动收入份额持续下降的主要推手之一。促进中国制造业出口附加值的提升,是扭转劳动报酬占比持续下降的核心举措。
Based on a large sample of corporate data, this paper finds that exports significantly inhibit the growth of labor’s share of manufacturing revenue in China, providing a micro-level support for understanding the reasons for the continuous decline of labor remuneration in GDP in China. Specifically, the inhibitory effect of exports on the growth of labor income share in the manufacturing industry in China is mainly reflected in the private-owned enterprises and in Hong Kong, Maucao, and Maucao and in the state-owned enterprises, collective enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises not in Hong Kong, Maucao and Taiwan. These results show that the special mode of export of manufacturing enterprises in China is one of the main drivers of the continuous decline in the share of labor income at the macro level in China. Promoting the enhancement of the added value of China’s manufacturing exports is a key measure to reverse the continuous decline in the proportion of labor remuneration.