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目的分析建国60 a北京市中小学生蛔虫感染控制相关政策、措施的效果,为开展蠕虫病防控提供可借鉴经验。方法对建国以来北京市学生粪便蛔虫感染率监测结果和全国学生体质健康调研北京地区粪便蛔虫检验结果进行汇总分析。结果建国初期北京市中小学生中蛔虫感染情况非常普遍,20世纪50年代城市学生蛔虫感染率为84.95%,20世纪60年代城市、农村蛔虫感染率分别为80.74%和94.94%。从20世纪70年代起,北京市学生蛔虫感染率明显下降。尤其是自1990年起蛔虫感染率下降幅度明显高于历史任何时期。2000年以后北京市学生蛔虫感染率处于低水平,其中2005年城市学生粪便蛔虫卵检出率为0;2010年农村学生蛔虫感染率为0。结论蛔虫病已经不是北京市学生的主要健康问题。实施有组织的集体驱蛔、全面开展改水改厕、广泛开展健康教育是有效降低蛔虫感染率的关键措施。
Objective To analyze the effect of the relevant policies and measures on the control of Ascaris infection in primary and secondary school students in 60 years of foundation in the People’s Republic of China and provide experience for prevention and control of helminth disease. Methods The surveillance results of fecal roundworm infection rates in Beijing and the health survey of students in Beijing since the founding of the People’s Republic of China were summarized. Results In the early days of the founding of China, primary and secondary school students in Beijing belonged to roundworm infection. The infection rate of roundworms in urban students in the 1950s was 84.95%. The infection rates of roundworms in urban and rural areas in the 1960s were 80.74% and 94.94% respectively. Since the 1970s, the infection rate of Ascaris in Beijing has dropped significantly. In particular, the rate of ascaris infection declined significantly from 1990 to anytime in history. After 2000, the infection rate of ascaris in Beijing students was low, of which the detection rate of ascaris eggs in urban students in 2005 was 0; in 2010, the infection rate of ascaris in rural students was 0. Conclusion Ascariasis is not the main health problem for Beijing students. The implementation of organized collective drive roundworm, to carry out a comprehensive water change lavatories, extensive health education is to reduce the infection rate of roundworms key measures.