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我国的古代公文在行文、办理方面积累了丰富的经验,形成了一系列严密的制度,对今天的公文处理仍然有重要的借鉴作用。本文拟对古代公文的办理作如下介绍: 一、最早的公文格式。最早的公文见于殷商的“甲骨卜辞”。它大部分是殷商朝后期从武丁到纣九个君王(公元前十三世纪到公元前十一世纪)的各种活动的记录,内容一般都比较简单。从格式上讲,一篇完整的“甲骨卜辞”大致可分为四个部分:前辞(叙辞)、命辞、占辞和验辞。前辞是记占卜的日期和占卜人的姓名,命辞是记占卜的内容,占辞是记占卜后观察龟裂纹路而作出的判断,验辞是记验证结果的。例如:
The ancient official documents in our country have accumulated rich experience in writing and handling, forming a series of strict systems and still have an important reference for the processing of official documents today. This article intends to deal with ancient documents as follows: First, the earliest document format. The earliest official document found in the Shang “Oracle Bones.” It is mostly the record of various activities from the period of Wu Ding to the nine kings (from the 13th century BC to the 11th century BC) in the late Shang Dynasty, and the content is usually relatively simple. From the format, a complete “oracle bone inscription” can be divided into four parts: the first speech (narrative), the rhetoric, the dictation and rhetoric. The first words are the date of the divination and the name of the diviner. The first words are the contents of the divination. The second is the judgment made after the Divination is observed. The rhetoric is the result of verification. E.g: