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目的探讨导致婴幼儿过敏性哮喘及其发作的危险因素。方法采用病例对照的研究方法分析2011年10月—2014年3月来该院儿科门诊及住院就医的134例过敏性哮喘患儿作为病例组,选取该段时间来就诊的未患过敏性哮喘的168例患儿作为对照组,应用单因素和多因素Logistic多因素回归分析危险因素。结果多因素分析结果显示:婴幼儿过敏性哮喘与母亲孕期因素(孕期吸烟或被动吸烟、过敏性疾病家族史、双亲哮喘/慢性支气管炎病史)、新生儿期因素(病理性黄疸、母乳喂养、生后反复呼吸道感染)和室内环境因素(居住平房/筒子楼、不经常晾晒床褥、家中养花)均有关(P<0.05),其中母乳喂养为保护因素,其他均为危险因素。结论孕期吸烟或被动吸烟、有过敏性疾病家族史、双亲哮喘/慢性支气管炎病史、病理性黄疸、生后反复呼吸道感染、居住平房/筒子楼、不经常晾晒床褥和家中养花是婴幼儿过敏性哮喘的危险因素,而母乳喂养是保护因素。
Objective To investigate the risk factors of allergic asthma and its onset in infants and young children. Methods A case-control study was conducted to analyze 134 pediatric patients with allergic asthma from October 2011 to March 2014 in pediatric outpatient department and inpatient hospital. The patients who did not have allergic asthma 168 children as control group, the use of univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of risk factors. Results The results of multivariate analysis showed that the risk of allergic asthma in infants and young children was significantly different from that of mothers during pregnancy (smoking or passive smoking during pregnancy, family history of allergic diseases, history of parents with asthma / chronic bronchitis), neonatal factors (pathological jaundice, breastfeeding, Repeated respiratory infections after birth) and indoor environmental factors (living bungalows / cheese floor, not drying the mattress, flowers at home) are related (P <0.05), of which breast-feeding as a protective factor, the other are risk factors. Conclusions Smoking or passive smoking in pregnancy, a family history of allergic diseases, a history of parents with asthma / chronic bronchitis, pathological jaundice, recurrent respiratory tract infections after living, living bungalows / condoms, infantile dry bedding and infants’ Sexual asthma risk factors, while breastfeeding is a protective factor.