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资本主义市场经济的形成、发展,是一个与资本主义商品经济的成熟、发达同步演进的自然历史过程。社会主义市场经济就很不相同,它是在不断地突破传统观念,吸取数十年计划经济实践经验教训,通过自觉的改革、转轨和培育过程,才从计划经济脱胎换骨而生成。在西方国家,经济理论的任务主要在于阐述、概括和总结市场经济不断发展的丰富实践,作出系统的理论说明。在社会主义国家,经济理论的任务却艰巨得多。因为社会主义市场经济,无论在历史上或国际上,在实践上或理论上,都前无先例、无任何现成答案可找,这是全新的事业。理论源于实践,实践呼唤理论,这就要求在借鉴西方有益的实践经验和理论结论的基础上,结合社会主义基本特征和中国国情,边实践边总结,进行全面理论创新,探求建设有中国特色的社会主义市场经济的目标、道路和方法,以指导实践。小平同志的南巡谈话破除了禁锢人们头脑的桎梏,很快在全国掀起了空前高涨的理论讨论热潮。党的十四大明确社会主义市场经济为我国经济体制改革目标模式,社会主义市场经济问题,更成了讨论中的一个重要热点。讨论范围涉及之广,问题钻研程度之深,都达到了一个新的高度。本文仅就有关认识的进展演变和讨论中的一个焦点问题,进行简要回顾和点评。
The formation and development of the capitalist market economy is a natural and historical process that is synchronized with the maturation and development of the capitalist commodity economy. The socialist market economy is very different. It is constantly emerging from the traditional concepts, drawing on decades of planned economic experience and lessons learned through the conscious reform, transition and nurturing process before it emerges from the planned economy. In western countries, the task of economic theory lies mainly in elaborating, summarizing and summarizing the rich practice of the continuous development of the market economy and making systematic theoretical explanations. In socialist countries, the task of economic theory is much more arduous. Because the socialist market economy has no precedent and no readily available answer, no matter in history or in the world, in practice or in theory, it is a completely new undertaking. Theory originates from practice and practice calls for theory. This requires that we draw conclusions from practice, summarize theories, innovate on the basis of the basic characteristics of socialism and the actual conditions of our country based on the reference to the useful practical experiences and theoretical conclusions of the West, The socialist market economy goals, roads and methods to guide practice. Comrade Xiaoping's southern tour talk broke away from the shackles of people's minds and quickly set off an upsurge of theoretical discussion in the country that was unprecedented in history. The 14th CPC National Congress explicitly defined the socialist market economy as the target model of China's economic reform and the issue of socialist market economy. It has become an important hot spot in the discussion. The scope of the discussion involves a wide range of issues, depth of study, have reached a new height. This article only briefly reviews and comments on a focus on the evolution of awareness and discussion.