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19世纪初至20世纪末,实证主义史学、客观主义史学先后在欧洲崛起,尤其是以孔德为首的实证主义史学不但把史学当作科学来研究,而且明确地宣称史学是一门科学,使得历史学开始出现了一种背离人性的倾向。正是在这一思想潮流下,意大利著名历史学家贝内德托·克罗齐提出了“一切真历史都是当代史”的著名命题,并有力地反驳了以上的倾向。虽然在当时的时代背景下,其理论的基本原则是错误的,但不容否认,他在探讨某些问题时具有独到的见解,值得我们批判地借鉴与吸收。
From the early 19th century to the end of 20th century, the history of positivism and objectivism rose in Europe one after another. In particular, the positivist historiography led by Comte not only considered history as a science, but also clearly declared that history was a science that made history Learning began a tendency to deviate from human nature. It is in this trend of thought that the famous Italian historian Benedetto Croce put forward the famous proposition that “all true history is contemporary history” and strongly refuted the above tendencies. Although under the background of the time, the basic principle of his theory was wrong, it is undeniable that he had unique views in exploring certain issues and deserved our criticism for reference and absorption.