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讲授使动用法和意动用法,是古汉语常识教学中的一个难点。采用“以今导古”的方法,即由分析某些保留了古代汉语特点的现代词语入手,渐次讲述使动用法和意动用法的内涵及其翻译格式,将有助于突破这一教学难点。先谈使动用法的教学。王力先生在《古代汉语》中举了这么一个例子:“战胜”与“战败”,本是一对反义词,可是当它们分别充当“我们战胜敌人”和“我们战败敌人”两个句子的谓语时,所表达的意思却完全相同。怎么解释这一奇特的语言现象呢?
Teaching to make use of the law and intent to use, is an ancient Chinese common sense teaching a difficult point. Adopting the method of “guiding ancient ancient times”, that is, analyzing some of the modern words that retain the ancient Chinese characteristics, and gradually introducing the connotation and translation format of usages and intentional usage, will help break through this difficult teaching point . Let us talk about how to use the teaching. In “Ancient Chinese”, Mr. Wang Li cites such an example: “victory” and “defeat” are two antonyms, but when they serve as predicates for the sentences “We defeat the enemy” and “We defeat the enemy” respectively When the meaning of the expression is exactly the same. How to explain this strange language phenomenon?