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磷对作物生长发育和抗逆性有重要作用。非生物胁迫常严重影响作物对磷的吸收、利用和转运,使作物生长代谢减缓,产量降低。在作物磷肥过量施用和抗逆品种选择的综合背景下,本文对干旱、盐碱和低温这三种非生物胁迫下作物磷素养分特征及生理响应机制进行了分析,并对磷素养分效率进行了总结评价。非生物胁迫不仅直接损伤作物根系,还降低了土壤中无机磷素的可移动性和有效性,导致作物生理性缺磷。施磷可有效减轻非生物胁迫对作物的伤害,促进作物对水分和养分的吸收,并在一定程度上提高作物抗逆性。此外,不同作物种类或同一作物不同基因型对胁迫条件及磷素养分的响应存在显著差异,只有抗逆和磷高效相结合才是提高非生物胁迫下作物磷素利用的最优途径。本文对未来非生物胁迫下作物磷素利用的研究方向提出了以下展望和建议:土壤根际磷素有效性的影响因素及改善途径、最适磷肥施用量的确定、抗逆及磷高效利用作物基因资源的发掘与鉴定。
Phosphorus plays an important role in crop growth and resistance. Abiotic stress often seriously affect the crop phosphorus uptake and utilization and transport, so that crop growth and metabolism slowed down, reduce production. Under the background of over-application of crop phosphate and selection of resistant varieties, this paper analyzed the characteristics of phosphorus nutrition and physiological response of crops under three abiotic stresses of drought, saline-alkali and low-temperature, and analyzed the efficiency of phosphorus nutrient The summary evaluation. Abiotic stresses not only directly damage crop roots, but also reduce the mobility and availability of inorganic phosphorus in the soil, leading to physiological phosphorus deficiency in crops. Phosphorus application can effectively reduce crop injury caused by abiotic stress and promote crop absorption of water and nutrients, and to some extent improve crop stress resistance. In addition, there were significant differences in response to different stress conditions and phosphorus nutrition in different crop species or genotypes of the same crop. Only the combination of stress resistance and high phosphorus efficiency was the best way to improve crop phosphorus utilization under abiotic stress. In this paper, we put forward the following suggestions on the future research direction of crop phosphorus utilization under abiotic stress: influencing factors of phosphorus availability in rhizosphere and ways to improve rhizosphere soil, determination of optimal phosphorus application rate, Discovery and identification of genetic resources.