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国有企业面临的突出问题是效益低下，亏损严重。其原因主要是国有企业在产权制度、政企关系、经营者素质等方面不能适应市场经济的要求，以及企业的负担沉重。解决这些问题，必须对国有企业总体数量进行战略性调整，主动退出一般竞争性、盈利性领域；调整后的企业，即公益性、自然垄断型及关系国计民生的国有企业，要通过建立现代企业制度来经营管理，同时要深化国家人事制度改革，完善社会保障制度，转变政府职能，适应国有企业改革与战略调整的需要。
The outstanding problems faced by state-owned enterprises are low efficiency and serious losses. The main reason for this is that state-owned enterprises cannot adapt to the requirements of the market economy in terms of the property rights system, the relationship between government and enterprises, the quality of managers, and the heavy burden on the company. To solve these problems, we must make strategic adjustments to the total number of state-owned enterprises, and actively withdraw from the general competitive and profitable fields. The adjusted enterprises, that is, state-owned enterprises that are public welfare, natural monopolies, and related to the people’s livelihood, must adopt a modern enterprise system. To operate and manage, at the same time, it is necessary to deepen the reform of the national personnel system, improve the social security system, change government functions, and adapt to the needs of the reform and strategic adjustment of state-owned enterprises.