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目的掌握中小学生近视流行病学特征以及影响因素,提出干预策略。方法在绍兴地区整群随机抽取6个学校,共3560名学生,由学校提供学生最近一次的视力检查,分析中小学生的视力状况。结果中学生近视眼患病率为64.5%(1638/2540),小学生为31.9%(325/1020),中学生近视眼患病率及严重程度明显高于小学生。单因素分析显示,年龄、父母近视、读书眼距、长期弱光线下看书、每天用电脑时间长和眼保健操频率低等是中小学生近视眼发生的影响因素;多因素分析显示,年龄、读书眼距、长期弱光线下看书和每天用电脑时间长是近视发生的独立影响因素。结论绍兴地区中小学生近视眼患病率较高。提示中小学生自身以及学校、家长都应该重视起来,相关研究部门应给予协助,共同加强对近视不良影响因素的控制,切实改变中小学生的视力现实状况。
Objective To grasp the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of myopia in primary and middle school students and to propose intervention strategies. Methods A total of 660 schools were randomly selected in the cluster in Shaoxing. A total of 3560 students were enrolled in this study. The students’ latest visual acuity tests were provided by the school to analyze the visual acuity of primary and secondary school students. Results The prevalence of myopia in middle school students was 64.5% (1638/2540) and that of primary school students was 31.9% (325/1020). The prevalence and severity of myopia in middle school students were significantly higher than those in primary school students. Univariate analysis showed that age, parental myopia, reading eye distance, long-term low light reading, long daily computer use and low frequency of eye exercises were the influencing factors of primary and secondary school students’ myopia. Multivariate analysis showed that age, From the long-term low light reading and daily use of computer time is myopia independent influencing factors. Conclusion The prevalence of myopia in primary and secondary school students in Shaoxing is high. It is suggested that primary and secondary students themselves, schools and parents should pay attention to it and relevant research departments should give assistance to jointly strengthen the control over the adverse factors of myopia and effectively change the reality of sight of primary and secondary students.