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一、概述 镓是一种稀散金属,主要用于半导体工业,它的化合物有砷化镓、磷化镓、镓砷磷等。80年代以来,随着科学技术的不断发展,镓的用途越来越广泛。尤其是高纯镓与某些有色金属组成的化合物半导体材料已成为当代通讯、大规模集成电路、宇航、能源、卫生等部门所需的新技术材料、新材料的支撑。以GaAs、GaP等为基础的发光二极管,特别是高辉度发光二极管和彩色发光二极管的发展速度相当快,预计年增长率为20％～30％,到2000年世界发光器件年销售额将达到6200亿日元。
First, an overview of gallium is a rare-earth metal, mainly for the semiconductor industry, its compounds are gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, gallium arsenic phosphorus and so on. Since the 1980s, with the continuous development of science and technology, the use of gallium has become more and more widespread. In particular, the compound semiconductor materials composed of high-purity gallium and certain non-ferrous metals have become the new technology materials and new materials needed by contemporary communications, large-scale integrated circuits, aerospace, energy and sanitation departments. GaAs, GaP-based light-emitting diodes, especially high-brightness light-emitting diodes and color light-emitting diodes, the rapid development of the estimated annual growth rate of 20% to 30% by 2000 the world’s annual sales of light-emitting devices will reach 6200 billion yen.