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采用田间试验方法,研究了畜禽粪便有机肥与氮肥配施在夏玉米生产上应用效果,为畜禽粪便田间消纳提供理论依据。结果表明:随氮肥或畜禽粪便有机肥施用量的增加,玉米穗长、行数、行粒数、穗粒数和穗粗均有不同程度的增加。土壤pH随氮肥或有机肥施用量的增加而降低;氮肥施用量相同时,土壤碱解氮、速效钾、速效磷和有机质含量都明显均随畜禽粪便有机肥施用量的增加而增加,而活性有机质则表现为先增加后降低;在有机肥施用量相同时,土壤碱解氮含量随氮肥施用量的增加明显增加,但对速效磷、速效钾和有机质含量的影响不明显,而土壤活性有机质含量以OM2(1 600 kg/667 m2)处理最高。土壤碱性磷酸酶和脲酶活性随有机肥施用量的增加而增加,但土壤磷酸酶活性随施氮量的增加差异不明显,而土壤脲酶活性受氮的影响明显。所以,有机肥与化学氮肥配施,可适当减少化学氮肥施用量,畜禽粪便有机肥可明显提高土壤速效养分含量,提高土壤酶活性,从而可减少化学氮肥对土壤面源污染的负荷,也可使畜禽粪便有机肥得到合理利用。
A field experiment was conducted to study the application effect of organic manure and nitrogen fertilizer combined with livestock manure on the production of summer maize to provide a theoretical basis for the field consumption of livestock manure. The results showed that the spike length, number of rows, number of rows, grains per spike, and ear diameter increased with the increase of nitrogen or manure application manure. The soil pH decreased with the increase of nitrogen or organic manure application. When the nitrogen fertilizer was the same, the contents of soil available nitrogen, available potassium, available phosphorus and organic matter obviously increased with the increase of manure application At the same application rate of organic manure, the content of soil available nitrogen increased with the increase of N application rate, but had little effect on the content of available P, available K and organic matter, while the activity of soil The organic matter content was the highest with OM2 (1 600 kg / 667 m2). The activity of soil alkaline phosphatase and urease increased with the increase of manure application, but the activity of soil phosphatase was not obvious with the increase of nitrogen application rate, while the soil urease activity was significantly affected by nitrogen. Therefore, the combination of organic fertilizer and chemical nitrogen fertilizer can reduce the amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer appropriately. Organic manure from livestock manure can obviously increase soil available nutrient content and soil enzyme activity, thus reducing the load of chemical non-point source pollution on soil non-point source pollution Can make manure organic manure used properly.