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一、前言本文是一篇述评性文章,内容分两大部分:欧洲的内河航运概况;法国的河流渠化和运河与船闸工程。第一部分比较简略地介绍一下西德的“欧洲运河”和法国莱茵—罗讷运河以及荷兰的内河运输概况。第二部分比较详细地介绍法国河流渠化和运河与船闸工程,从八个专题分别叙述,这八个专题是:1.法国运河船闸概况;2.法国船闸闸门;3.法国船闸上下游前港;4.船舶在船闸前港中的侧向位移;5.法国国营罗讷河公司实施的渠化工程;
I. Introduction This article is a review article, which is divided into two parts: the general situation of inland shipping in Europe; the drainage of rivers in France and the construction of canals and locks. The first part gives a brief introduction of the “European Canal” in West Germany and the Rhine-Rhone Canal in France as well as the inland water transport in the Netherlands. The second part introduces in more detail the river canalization and the canal and ship lock project in France, which are respectively narrated from eight special topics: 1. Overview of the ship lock in France; 2. The gate of the French ship lock; 3. The front of the French ship lock 4. Lateral displacements of the ship in the port of the lock; 5. Canalization projects implemented by the French state-owned Rhône;