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老年人的机体反应性低脏器功能衰退、肺的呼吸功能或防御功能亦减弱,所以呼吸病的发病率高,死亡率也高,临床表现错综复杂,往往呼吸系疾病其他系统症状反而较突出。文献报告尸检时老年人平均能发现6种疾病,所以临床表现难以一个系统疾病来解释,“一元论”的诊断原则难在老年病中应用。老年人的直接死亡原因常由于呼吸道感染。根据北京市第二医院60岁以上老人健康调查发现患慢性支气管炎者占18％以上(全国成人平均患病率为4％)。北京市肺心病协作组报告的10246例慢性肺心病患者中40岁以下者占5％,而61岁以上者则占48.6％。呼吸系统的老年性生理变化老年人由于脊柱后凸,驼背较多,胸廓变形多数呈桶状胸。加以胸壁肌肉纤维束周围结缔组织增加,弹性低,特别是肋间肌和膈肌,使通气运动功
The elderly patients with poor response to the decline of organ function, respiratory function or defensive lung function also weakened, so the incidence of respiratory disease is high, the mortality rate is high, the clinical manifestations of complex, often other respiratory diseases, systemic symptoms rather prominent. The literature reports that an average of 6 diseases can be found in the elderly at the time of autopsy, so it is difficult to explain the clinical manifestations of a systemic disease. The diagnostic principle of “monism” is difficult to apply in geriatric diseases. The direct cause of death in the elderly often due to respiratory infections. According to the health survey of elderly over the age of 60 in the Second Hospital of Beijing, chronic bronchitis accounts for more than 18% (the national average prevalence is 4%). Beijing Pulmonary Heart Disease Cooperative Group reported 10246 cases of chronic pulmonary heart disease in patients under 40 accounted for 5%, while those over 61 years accounted for 48.6%. Respiratory aging physiological changes Older people due to kyphosis, hump more, the majority of thoracic deformation barrel-shaped chest. To chest wall fiber bundle around the connective tissue increases, low elasticity, especially the intercostal muscles and diaphragm, so that ventilation exercise power