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近年来研究证明，寡核苷酸（本文所指１０～３０碱基的核苷酸）和多核苷酸虽然不能自由地通过细胞的脂双层膜，但可通过核酸特异性受体，摄取入细胞。细胞内核酸主要以结合的形式存在于胞质中，并可参与细胞内的信息传递过程，此外尚有２０％～４０％的核酸可以进入核内，调控基因的转录和表达。
In recent years, studies have shown that oligonucleotides (10 to 30 nucleotides referred to herein) and polynucleotides can not pass through the lipid bilayer of a cell freely but can be taken up by a nucleic acid-specific receptor cell. Intracellular nucleic acids mainly exist in the cytoplasm in the form of binding and can participate in the process of information transmission in cells. In addition, 20-40% of the nucleic acids can enter the nucleus to regulate the transcription and expression of genes.