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“自然主义”一辞含有强调准确表达自然的意思,所谓自然也包括人和人的作品,尤其是它们的看得见的表象和观察得见的行为。自然主义基本上是反对一切迷信主义和超验主义的,它企图用感觉证据和从这些证据按照逻辑所获得的推论,来描述和解释各方面的现象。“自然主义的美学”是和通常理解为准确表达的“自然主义”有些两样的。自然主义是美学作为一个科学或哲学的一个部门的特征;而不是艺术的一个特征。自然主义并不限于一种风格或艺术趣味,而是适用于美学的整个题材。美学上的自然主义是将哲学的自然主义的理论和方法系统地应用到艺术和美学上的材料和问题上来,并根据现象的特殊性质加以必要的改变和补充。自然主义的美学并不一定推崇或赞成自然主义的艺术。它往往尊重各种风格和各个艺求时期,认为这些都表现了不同环境下和不同文化发展阶段中的人类思想和感情。自然主义在本体论上倾向于唯物主义;在宇宙论上倾向于“机械论”;在认识论、逻辑和科学方法上,倾向于经验主义;自然主义的伦理学则是人道主义的和入世的,而不是苦行和出世的。
The term “naturalism” has the meaning of emphasizing the accurate expression of nature. The so-called nature also includes works by people and people, especially their visible appearance and observed behavior. Naturalism basically opposes all superstitions and transcendentalism. It attempts to describe and explain phenomena in all fields with sensory evidence and the corollaries derived from these evidence in logic. “Naturalistic aesthetics” is somewhat different from “naturalism”, which is usually understood as accurate expression. Naturalism is the characteristic of a department of aesthetics as a science or philosophy; it is not a feature of art. Naturalism is not limited to a style or artistic interest, but applies to the entire theme of aesthetics. Aesthetic naturalism systematically applies the philosophical naturalistic theories and methods to the artistic and aesthetic materials and problems, and makes the necessary changes and additions according to the special nature of the phenomenon. Naturalist aesthetics does not necessarily recommend or favor the art of naturalism. It often respects various styles and various artistic periods, believing that these represent human thoughts and feelings in different contexts and at different stages of cultural development. Naturalism tends to be materialist on the ontology; it tends to be “mechanical” in cosmology; empiricism in epistemology, logic and scientific methods; naturalist ethics is humanitarian and WTO-bound, Not asceticism and birth.