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以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为包覆剂,通过一种改进的水热法合成近乎单分散的镍三维纳米结构。利用粉末 X 射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)对所得产物进行表征。结果表明,立方相的镍晶体是由中心放射状生长的纳米矛头组成的花状三维纳米结构,其尺寸约为 1.5 μm。这些纳米矛头具有均一的形状:其根部为(120±20) nm,顶部为(15±5) nm,长度为(400±50) nm,厚度为(10±2) nm。对比实验表明,镍三维纳米材料的花状形貌受到反应时间、温度和表面活性剂协同效应的控制。良好的催化性能表明,这种镍三维纳米结构将来很可能成为一种优异的催化剂。
With polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as coating agent, an almost monodispersed nickel three-dimensional nanostructures were synthesized by an improved hydrothermal method. The obtained product was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The results show that the cubic phase of nickel crystal is a flower-shaped three-dimensional nanostructures composed of nano-spearheads that grow radially in the center with a size of about 1.5 μm. The nano-spearheads have a uniform shape with (120 ± 20) nm roots, (15 ± 5) nm tops and (400 ± 50) nm thicknesses and (10 ± 2) nm thicknesses. Comparative experiments show that the flower-like morphology of the nickel three-dimensional nanomaterials is controlled by the reaction time, the temperature and the synergistic effect of the surfactants. Good catalytic performance indicates that this nickel three-dimensional nanostructure is likely to become an excellent catalyst in the future.