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作为生产仪器、仪表和电器等产品中的重要组成元件的弹性材料,Cu-Ni-Sn系合金以其优良的抗应力松弛、耐磨、抗蚀、高弹、高强及导电热稳定等特性被大量用于制造各种形式的弹性元件。以Cu-10Ni-4.5Sn合金的冷轧板坯为对象,研究冷轧加工及热处理工艺条件(固溶温度与时效温度及保温时间)对合金的组织及性能的影响。试验研究表明:固溶处理前进行冷轧变形可使晶粒破碎,利于固溶处理中溶质原子在合金中形成均匀弥散分布的过饱和固溶体。固溶处理温度的高低不仅影响第二相在基体中的溶解程度,还影响合金的回复再结晶过程进行的程度。溶质原子的固溶度及晶粒尺寸共同作用于后续的时效处理过程,影响强化效果。研究采用全面试验的形式,对各种状态下合金的组织及性能进行检测分析,变形程度为68%的Cu-10Ni-4.5Sn合金冷轧板坯为原料的最佳热处理条件是800℃×1 h固溶处理,经总加工率为85%冷轧,400℃×6 h时效处理后的带材,其抗拉强度为1275.9 MPa,维氏硬度为378.6 Hv,伸长率为3.0%,电导率为15.1%IACS。
As an elastic material that is an important component in the production of instruments, meters and electrical appliances, Cu-Ni-Sn based alloys are characterized by their excellent resistance to stress relaxation, abrasion resistance, corrosion resistance, high elasticity, high strength and conductive thermal stability A large number for the manufacture of various forms of elastic components. The effects of cold rolling and heat treatment process conditions (solution temperature, aging temperature and holding time) on microstructures and properties of Cu-10Ni-4.5Sn alloy were investigated. Experimental results show that the cold deformation before solution treatment can break the grains, which is conducive to the formation of uniform and dispersed supersaturated solid solution of solute atoms in the solution during the solution treatment. The temperature of the solution treatment not only affects the degree of dissolution of the second phase in the matrix, but also the extent of the recovery recrystallization process of the alloy. Solute atom solid solubility and grain size co-act in the subsequent aging process, affecting the strengthening effect. In this study, the structure and properties of the alloy under various conditions were examined and analyzed by a comprehensive test. The optimal heat treatment conditions for the raw material of the Cu-10Ni-4.5Sn alloy cold-rolled slab with a deformation degree of 68% were 800 ℃ × 1 h solution treatment, the total processing rate of 85% cold-rolled, 400 ℃ × 6 h aging treatment of the strip, the tensile strength of 1275.9 MPa, Vickers hardness of 378.6 Hv, elongation of 3.0%, conductance The rate was 15.1% IACS.