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Background Pediatric patients are susceptible to lung injury.Acute lung injury (ALI) in children often results in a high mortality.Partial liquid ventilation (PLV) has been shown to markedly improve oxygenation and reduce histologic evidence of injury in a number of lung injury models.This study aimed to examine the hypothesis that PLV would attenuate the production of local and systemic cytokines in an immature piglet model of ALI induced by oleic acid (OA).Methods Twelve Chinese immature piglets were induced to develop ALI by oleic acid.The animals were randomly assigned to two groups (n=6): (1) conventional mechanical ventilation (MV) group and (2) PLV with FC-77 (10 ml/kg) group.Results Compared with MV group, PLV group got better cardiopulmonary variables (P ＜0.05).These variables included heart rate, mean blood pressure, blood pH, partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2), PaO2/FiO2 and partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2).Partial liquid ventilation reduced IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and TN F-α both in plasma and tissue concentrations compared with MV group (P ＜0.05).Conclusions Partial liquid ventilation provides protective effects against inflammatory responses in the lungs of oleic acid-induced immature piglets.