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目的了解天津市农村地区分散式供水水质卫生基本状况,初步探讨其健康风险水平。方法抽取天津市农村地区80个分散式供水点,按照GB 5749-2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》小型集中式供水测定相关水质指标,参照美国国家环保局推荐的方案建立水环境污染健康风险评价模型,评估其所引起的健康风险。结果调查的160份水样的总合格率为29.4%,大肠菌群合格率最低;健康风险评估显示致癌砷的健康风险范围为3.86×10~(-5)~7.72×10~(-4),以中位数计为1.54×10~(-4);非致癌的健康风险范围为0.25~17.81,以中位数计为1.41,主要健康风险指标是细菌指标、氟化物和硝酸盐。结论农村地区分散式供水微生物指标超标严重,存在一定的健康风险。
Objective To understand the basic situation of decentralized water supply and sanitation in rural areas of Tianjin and to explore the health risk level. Methods Totally 80 distributed water supply points in rural areas of Tianjin were selected to establish a health risk assessment model of water environment pollution according to the water quality index of small-scale centralized water supply of GB 5749-2006 “Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water” with reference to the scheme recommended by the U.S. National Environmental Protection Agency , Assess the health risks they cause. Results The total qualified rate of the 160 water samples surveyed was 29.4%, and the colibacillosis rate was the lowest. The health risk assessment showed that the health risk of carcinogenic arsenic ranged from 3.86 × 10 -5 to 7.72 × 10 -4, , With a median of 1.54 × 10 -4. The non-carcinogenic health risk ranged from 0.25 to 17.81, with a median of 1.41. The major health risk indicators were bacterial indicators, fluoride and nitrate. Conclusion The indicators of decentralized water supply in rural areas exceeded the standard seriously, which posed some health risks.