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目的探讨高职生焦虑、自我效能感及应对方式的特点以及相互关系。方法采用状态焦虑量表、一般自我效能感量表和简易应对方式量表对高职大学生763人进行调查。结果高职大学生焦虑状态发生率为13.4%,焦虑平均分为(41.50±7.68)分,男女生分别为(41.62±7.84),(41.44±7.60)分,与普通人群常模男性、女性(39.71±8.89),(38.97±8.98)分比较,差异有统计学意义(t=3.95,7.24,P<0.01),高职生焦虑水平明显高于普通人群;男女生自我效能感平均分为(2.67±0.44),(2.52±0.42)分,与普通大学生常模男生、女生(2.69±0.57),(2.55±0.50)分比较,差异均无统计学意义;高职生积极应对、消极应对平均分为(1.98±0.45),(1.23±0.48)分,积极应对分值明显高于消极应对分(t=37.81,P<0.01)。结论自我效能、应对方式和焦虑之间存在密切关系,重视学生自信心、积极心态和应对能力的培养是预防和减轻高职大学生焦虑的有效途径。
Objective To explore the characteristics and mutual relations of anxiety, self-efficacy and coping style of higher vocational students. Methods Using state anxiety scale, general self-efficacy scale and simple coping style questionnaire to investigate 763 college students. Results The prevalence of anxiety in vocational college students was 13.4%, the average anxiety was (41.50 ± 7.68) points, the male and female students were (41.62 ± 7.84) and (41.44 ± 7.60) ± 8.89), (38.97 ± 8.98) points, the difference was statistically significant (t = 3.95,7.24, P <0.01), and the level of anxiety in vocational college students was significantly higher than that in the general population.The average self-efficacy of boys and girls was (2.67 ± 0.44) and (2.52 ± 0.42) points, respectively, which were not significantly different from those of ordinary college students male and female students (2.69 ± 0.57) and (2.55 ± 0.50) points (1.98 ± 0.45) and (1.23 ± 0.48) respectively. The positive coping scores were significantly higher than negative coping scores (t = 37.81, P <0.01). Conclusion There is a close relationship between self-efficacy, coping style and anxiety. Emphasis on students’ self-confidence, positive attitude and coping ability is an effective way to prevent and relieve the anxiety of higher vocational college students.