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MicroRNA(miRNA)通过抑制靶基因的表达而促进或抑制细胞的生理进程，对细胞生长、分化、运动和凋亡加以调控。miR-146b-5p(miR-146b)是miR-146家族成员之一，是固有免疫和适应性免疫中的关键调控因子，在肿瘤的发生发展中同样发挥至关重要的作用。miR-146b在不同肿瘤的进程中发挥促癌或者抑癌等截然不同的作用，甚至在相同肿瘤中也可表现出明显的异质性作用，文章将对miR-146b在恶性肿瘤中作用的研究进展进行综述和讨论，为探究miR-146b对恶行肿瘤的确切作用提供新的研究思路，同时也为进一步研究miRNAs对肿瘤的调控机制提供理论基础。“,”MicroRNAs (miRNAs) promote or inhibit the cellular biological processes through repressing expression of gene targets, leading to modulated cell growth, differentiation, motion, and apoptosis. MiR-146b-5p (miR-146b) as a member of miR-146 family is a key modulator in innate immune as well as in adaptive immune. MiR-146b also plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of tumors. Many studies have shown that the miR-146b can play completely different roles in promoting or inhibiting cancer in different tumor processes, and even show significant heterogeneous effects in same tumor type. In this review, the heterogeneous effects of miR-146b-5p in malignant tumors were reviewed and the possible causes were analyzed to provide new research ideas for exploring the exact effects of miR-146b-5p on malignant tumors from a global perspective, and to provide theoretical basis for further research on the regulation mechanism of miRNAs on tumors.