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G-M 低温制冷机是利用放气制冷原理来实现制冷过程的.对于理想气体可以采用V(p_h-p_l)来计算理论制冷量.然而,当制冷机处在15K 以下深低温工作时,由于氦气性质已远离理想气体,上述公式不再适用.本文从变质量热力学理论和实际气体性质出发,导出了G-M 制冷机制冷量的一般计算式,它可适用于各种工质以及放气过程的各种物理模型.进而利用氦气的p-v-T 关系,计算了在不同制冷温度下获取最大制冷量和最大制冷系数的最佳工作压力区域,并与理想气体模型计算的结果进行比较.结果表明,目前在G-M 机上常用的工作压力对深低温G-M机不再合宜,而应采用较低的工作压力.
GM cryogenic refrigerator is the use of deflation refrigeration principle to achieve the cooling process.For the ideal gas can be used V (p_h-p_l) to calculate the theoretical cooling capacity.However, when the cryogenic refrigerator at 15K working below the low temperature due to helium The nature has been far from the ideal gas, the above formula is no longer applicable.In this paper, based on the theory of variable mass thermodynamics and the actual gas properties, the general formula for calculating the refrigeration capacity of GM refrigerators is derived, which can be applied to all kinds of working fluids and each The best working pressure area for obtaining the maximum cooling capacity and the maximum refrigeration coefficient at different refrigeration temperatures is calculated and compared with the result of ideal gas model calculation.The results show that at present, GM working pressure on the GM machine is no longer appropriate for deep-temperature GM machine, but should use a lower working pressure.