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1987年～1989年我们对种植作物的新修梯田和坡耕地土壤水分运行规律进行了系统的研究。结果表明:新修梯田0～200Cm的土壤储水量干旱年份比坡耕地少1.5 mm,平水年和丰水年比坡耕地多22.7～39.5 mm;无论什么年份阴坡新修梯田储水量高于阳坡,切土部位高于阳土部位,新修梯田断面土壤水分变化则为临近切土部位>临近填土部位>切土部位>填土部位。坡耕地修成梯田后,提高了蓄水保土能力,增加了作物产量,谷子比坡耕地增产31％,马铃薯增产57％,作物耗水量比坡耕地少40.7mm,每毫米水增产粮食0.22公斤。坡耕地修成梯田后,变“三跑”为“三保”,有效地控制了水土流失,提高了土壤蓄水能力,为作物正常生长发育奠定了基础。弄清新修梯田的土壤水分运行规律,采取有效的保墒措施,对提高新修梯田当年产量具有重要意义。
From 1987 to 1989, we systematically studied the law of soil water movement on newly-cultivated terraced fields and sloping farmland of crop cultivation. The results showed that the water storage capacity of 0 ~ 200Cm in newly-built terraced fields was 1.5 mm less than that in sloping farmland in dry years, and 22.7 ~ 39.5 mm more than that in sloping fields in flat-water years and wet-abundant years. No matter in any year, Slope and soil cuttings are higher than those of sunny soil. The soil moisture change of the section of freshly-repaired terraces is near the soil cuttings area> near the fill soil area> cut soil area> fill area. After cultivating terraced fields, slope farmland improved water storage and soil conservation and increased crop yield. The yield of millet was 31% higher than that of sloping farmland and the yield of potato was 57%. The water consumption of crops was 40.7mm less than that of sloping land and 0.22kg per mm of water. After cultivating terraced fields, sloping cultivated land becomes “three guarantees” and effectively controls soil erosion and improves soil water storage capacity, laying a foundation for the normal growth and development of crops. To understand the law of soil moisture in newly-repaired terraces and take effective measures to conserve soil moisture is of great significance to improving the current production of newly-repaired terraces.