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一、当前科学技术发展的主要趋势 1.科研成果转化为生产力所经历的时间日趋缩短在科学史上,科研成果转化为生产力要经历很长的时间,有的长达百年。随着人类文明的进步,这个过程日益缩短。到六十年代平均只有三十年,目前就更短了。如激光和某些生物技术,从基础研究到应用经历的时间就很短。另外,象大规模集成电路及超大规模集成电路的发展,科学研究和技术发展几乎是平行的,即材料与工艺方面的研究成果立刻就会应用到产品中去。这就反映出科学技术的高速发展和竞争的加剧。因此,要想保持竞争能力,必须有高水平的科学家和工程技术人员、高级科研装备和广泛而灵活的信息渠道。这样才能保持技术的不断更新和先进性,才能巩固企业的竞争能力和地位。 2.科学研究-技术开发-批量生产-市场开发-产品应用与服务之间的联系日益密切市场的需要是生产的最主要推动力,而要产品对路、质量达到要求、成本有竞争能
I. Current Trends in Science and Technology 1. The Time Shortening the Transformation of Scientific Research Results into Productivity In the history of science, the conversion of scientific research achievements into productive forces is going through a long period of time, some of them up to a hundred years. With the progress of human civilization, the process is getting shorter and shorter. It took only 30 years on average to be in the 1960s and is even shorter now. Such as lasers and some biotechnology, from basic research to the application of time is very short. In addition, like the development of LSI and VLSI circuits, scientific research and technological development are almost parallel. That is to say, the research results of materials and workmanship are immediately applied to the products. This reflects the rapid development of science and technology and the intensification of competition. Therefore, in order to maintain competitiveness, there must be a high level of scientists and engineers, advanced research equipment and a wide range of flexible information channels. In order to keep the technology constantly updated and advanced in order to consolidate the competitiveness of enterprises and status. 2. Scientific research - technology development - mass production - market development - increasingly close relationship between product application and service The needs of the market is the most important driving force of production, and products to the road, quality requirements, cost competitiveness