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From the day linguistics has aroused our attention,we have known that the study on language is complicated and should be accomplished from different perspectives.Among the hues of linguis-tic studies,sociolinguistics is one of the most conventional one for it is closely associated with the language we usually speak. Different from the studies which aim to unveil the mysterious mask of language itself like phonetics,morphology or syntax and so on,the sociolinguis-tics is an interdisciplinary topic.It is a subject that supported by both sociologists and linguists. And among many branches of sociolinguis-tics,lingua franca is the brightest one.As the powerful force that facili-tates the communication between different cultures and nations,lin-gua franca has also promoted the process of globalization.This paper aims to have an overview of lingua franca which is a main branch in sociolinguistics. Starting from a brief study of the history of sociolin-guistics that includes several development periods,the paper puts its emphasis on the detailed learning of lingua franca which contains the introduction of the general definition of lingua franca,the pidgins and the creoles.At the final part of the paper,there is the specific descrip-tion of lingua franca in second language teaching and the lingua fran-ca under One Belt and One Road Initiative,which is definitely a new opportunity to spread Chinese to a larger extent. The communication between different countries and cultures is of significant meaning in the world development.Among the many obstacles that hinder the vari-ous interactions among countries,the language difference is definitely a big one.Lingua franca as a bridge solves the problems for us.