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依托设施番茄栽培连续3年田间施肥定位试验,利用田间原位土壤呼吸测定法,研究了施氮量0、187.5、375.0、562.5 kg hm~(-2)(N0、N1、N2、N3)及氮肥与有机肥(M:75000 kg hm~(-2))配施(MN0、MN1、MN2、MN3)对土壤日呼吸速率的动态变化和累积呼吸量的影响,并分析了影响土壤呼吸的因素。结果表明:在番茄生长期内,各处理土壤日呼吸速率的动态变化趋势基本一致,番茄生长前期,各施肥处理土壤日呼吸速率较小且变动较小,生长64 d后,各施肥处理土壤日呼吸速率随生长天数的延长呈快速增加趋势,82 d时达最大峰值,之后则呈现下降趋势,但仍维持较高的数值;与单施氮肥处理相比,氮肥与有机肥配施可提高土壤日呼吸速率,并极显著提高土壤呼吸累积量(P<0.01),在施氮处理中,N1处理土壤呼吸累积量显著高于其它4个处理,而氮肥与有机肥配施处理中,施氮量对土壤呼吸累积量影响不显著。各处理5 cm、10 cm、15 cm处土壤温度与土壤日呼吸速率之间均呈显著指数相关性(P<0.05或P<0.01),敏感系数Q10值均随土层深度的增加呈增大趋势,其中,N1(187.5 kg hm~(-2))和MN1处理土壤日呼吸速率对温度的敏感性较强;表层(0~10 cm)土壤容重、pH值和有机碳含量与土壤呼吸累积量之间均有显著线性关系(P<0.05)。本试验条件下,连续有机肥与氮肥配施,可显著提高土壤呼吸,促进CO2排放。
Relying on the field experiment of tomato fertilization for three years in a row, the effects of 0,187.5,375.0 and 562.5 kg hm -2 (N 0, N 1, N 2, N 3) on nitrogen application rate were studied by field soil respiration method Effects of Combined Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Organic Manure (M: 75000 kg hm -2) on Dynamic Change of Daily Respiration Rate and Cumulative Respiration in Soil and Factors Affecting Soil Respiration . The results showed that during the growth period of tomato, the dynamic changes of daily respiration rate of all treatments were basically the same. At the early stage of tomato growth, the daily respiration rate of all fertilization treatments was small and little changed. After 64 days of growth, The respiration rate increased rapidly with the number of growing days and reached its peak at 82 d, then decreased with the increase of days, but maintained a high value. Compared with the single application of nitrogen fertilizer, the combination of nitrogen and organic fertilizer increased soil (P <0.01). Nitrogen accumulation in N1 treatment was significantly higher than that in the other four treatments. However, in the application of nitrogen and organic fertilizers, the nitrogen application rate The amount of soil respiration accumulation is not significant. The soil temperature at 5 cm, 10 cm and 15 cm of each treatment had significant exponential correlation with soil daily respiration rate (P <0.05 or P <0.01), and the sensitivity coefficient Q10 increased with the increase of soil depth (N1 (187.5 kg hm ~ (-2))) and MN1. The surface soil (0 ~ 10 cm) soil bulk density, pH and organic carbon content were positively correlated with soil respiration accumulation There was a significant linear relationship between the amount of (P <0.05). Under the experimental conditions, continuous application of organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer can significantly improve soil respiration and promote CO2 emission.