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一、引言“冻害”(Winter injury)和“冻死”(Winter-kill)这两个词已用于描述寒冷的冬季对越冬的饲料作物、草坪草、豆科饲料植物以及谷类作物的危害。过去有人认为冬季或早春气候对作物的危害主要是由低温造成的,许多文章对“冻死”也进行过讨论和解释。一种看法是认为冻害是由于严寒的冬季环境对植物产生物理上和生理上的影响所致。另一种看法认为它是由在相对低温下生长了某些致病的霉菌引起的。当雪复盖地面达足够厚度时,雪就构成一个绝缘层来保护植物越冬而免受冰冻之害。譬如,地面
I. INTRODUCTION The terms “winter injury” and “winter-kill” have been used to describe the effects of cold winters on overwintering forage crops, turf grasses, legume forage plants and cereals. In the past, some people think that the harm to crops caused by the winter or early spring climate is mainly caused by low temperatures, and many articles have also discussed and explained “freezing death”. One idea is that frost damage is caused by the physical and physiological effects on plants caused by the cold winter environment. Another view is that it is caused by the growth of certain pathogenic molds at relatively low temperatures. When the snow covers the ground to a sufficient thickness, the snow forms an insulating layer that protects the plants from over-freezing from freezing. For example, the ground