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利用0.5%甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)溶液处理7个春大豆品种种子,并对M1和M2代主要农艺性状的遗传变异及相关性进行分析。结果表明:M1代主要是化学物质扰乱了植株生理而产生生理损伤发生了形态变异。M2代分枝数、单株荚数、单株粒数和单株粒重的变异系数较大。M2代各性状的广义遗传力以株高、主茎节数较高,而分枝数、单株粒数、单株粒重、单株荚数中等,百粒重的遗传力偏低。EMS在提早熟期方面对早熟品种的影响要大于中晚熟品种,在延迟熟期方面没有明显差异。原品种中节数和株高分别与单株粒数、单株荚数、单株产量之间的相关达到了极显著水平,而在M2中,没有达到显著水平。
The seeds of seven spring soybean varieties were treated with 0.5% ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) solution, and the genetic variation and correlation of the main agronomic traits in M1 and M2 generations were analyzed. The results showed that the M1 generation mainly caused the morphological variation of the physiological damage caused by the chemical substances disrupting the plant physiology. The coefficient of variation of number of M2 branches per plant, pod number per plant, grain number per plant and grain weight per plant were larger. The broad heritability of each trait in M2 was higher in plant height and main stem, while the heritability of branching number, grain number per plant, grain weight per plant, medium pods per plant, and 100-grain weight was low. The effect of EMS on precocious cultivars was greater than that of middle and late-maturing cultivars in early ripening stage, and there was no significant difference in the late mature stage. The correlation between the number of nodes and plant height of the original cultivars and the number of single plant per plant, the number of pods per plant and the yield per plant reached extremely significant levels, but not reached in M2.