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我们回顾并综合了由能源部资助的“天然裂缝性气藏检测与分析项目”中的六项研究成果。这一项目是为了寻求一些经济而有效的工具,提高目前处于经济边缘的低渗透性气藏的勘探开发效益。这一包含多学科的研究主要包括理论研究、实验室分析、井眼和野外露头地质、遥感和特殊地震勘探。成像技术和地球物理遥感对区域构造走向、裂缝方向和盆地的平面形态进行大范围的勘查。井跟和露头中地应力和裂缝的基础地质研究对后续设计地震勘探和预测渗透性裂缝的分布则是必须的。地震方法可以直接形象地描绘出断层和大范围的裂缝,而裂缝带可以从方位各向异性中推断出来,也就是地震属性的各向异性(例如,典型的地震波横穿裂缝比平行裂缝传播要慢)。即使用二维测线,横波勘探也可以很好地描绘出裂缝的密度和方向性,但这种方法仍然相当昂贵,且对裂缝内所含的流体仍不太敏感(水和气)。在某种程度上讲纵波对裂缝不太敏感.但却可以反映出裂缝内所含的流体,而且纵波勘探技术应用广泛,相对廉价。对垂直相交的二维测线,应用横波速度的各向异性与AVO之间的相关性,进一步增强了纵波检测裂缝是一种经济有效方法的事实。在三维地震勘探中,多方位角的处理显示出纵波空间上的各向异性,提高了对裂缝带的推断。在构造有优势走向的地方,简?
We review and synthesize six studies in the Natural Fracture Gas Reservoir Testing and Analysis Project funded by the Department of Energy. This project seeks to find some economical and effective tools to enhance the exploration and development benefits of the currently economically low permeability gas reservoirs. This multi-disciplinary study includes theoretical research, laboratory analysis, wellbore and outcrop geology, remote sensing and special seismic exploration. Imaging techniques and geophysical remote sensing to conduct a wide range of exploration of regional tectonic trends, fracture directions and the basin’s planar morphology. Fundamental geological research on geosynthetics and fractures in wells and outcrops is necessary for the subsequent design of seismic exploration and prediction of the distribution of permeability fractures. Seismic methods can directly depict faults and a wide range of fractures, which can be inferred from the azimuthal anisotropy, that is, the anisotropy of seismic attributes (eg, the typical seismic wave traversing a crack more than a parallel crack SLOW). Even with 2D measurements, shear wave exploration can well characterize fracture density and directionality, but the method is still quite expensive and less sensitive (water and gas) to the fluids contained within the fracture. To a certain extent, longitudinal waves are not sensitive to fractures, but they reflect the fluid contained in the fractures. Moreover, longitudinal waves are widely used and relatively inexpensive. For the two-dimensional perpendicularly intersecting line, the correlation between the anisotropy of shear wave velocity and AVO is used to further enhance the fact that longitudinal wave detection of fractures is a cost-effective method. In 3D seismic exploration, multi-azimuth processing shows the anisotropy of the longitudinal wave space and improves the inference of the fracture zone. In the construction of a trend where, Jane?