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本文为美国胸科协会1983年3月通过的正式文告。涉及对下列四种疾病的筛选方法的科学评证:(1)慢性气道阻塞性疾病,(2)哮喘,(3)肺癌,(4)结核病。当前,对于能否早期发现成人呼吸系疾病正进行着许多广泛的探索。当医务人员征集某一人群志愿受筛选时,应有一个更为严格的效能标准。筛选可在相当数量的志愿者中改变疾病的自然史。早期发现病人应能延长其健康生活的寿命,而不增加本病的病程。委员会对有关名词采用以下定义: 病例发现:指医务人员对就诊病人的无关症状,用试验方法或检查程序发现呼吸系疾病(即研究和随访高度可疑者)。早期诊断:在病人或其家属发现明显症状或体征之前确诊疾病。可预防的情况:采用良好设计的临床研究所发现的情况,使疾病可以完全预防或当它在
This article is the official statement adopted by the American Thoracic Society in March 1983. There are scientific reviews of screening methods for the following four diseases: (1) chronic airway obstructive disease, (2) asthma, (3) lung cancer, (4) tuberculosis. Currently, there are many widely explored the early detection of adult respiratory diseases. When a health worker collects a group of people and is willing to be screened, there should be a more stringent standard of performance. Screening can change the natural history of the disease in a significant number of volunteers. Early detection of patients should be able to extend the life of their healthy life, without increasing the duration of the disease. The committee has the following definitions of the nomenclature: Case finding: refers to the medical staff’s finding of unrelated symptoms of the patient being treated and the detection of respiratory disease by test methods or examination procedures (ie, highly suspicious of study and follow-up). Early diagnosis: The disease is diagnosed before the patient or his family members notice any obvious signs or symptoms. Preventable condition: The condition found in a well-designed clinical study allows the disease to be completely prevented or when it is in