论文部分内容阅读
山洪灾害系统是地球表层系统的异常或突变组分之一，对其通过冲毁、淹没、淤埋等致灾过程所产生的灾情进行准确评估是救灾、减灾和防灾的基础。本文针对山洪灾害系统的特点和目前的条件，提出了山洪灾情评估的系统集成策略。即山洪灾情评估集成系统必须集地理信息系统、专家系统和应用分析模型为一体，采用基于公共接口模块的外连式结构进行集成，同时应具有友好的用户界面和构造特定的应用框架为用户导航。这样，山洪灾情评估集成系统实施的中心环节就是组分软件的优选、各组分间转换、访问函数的实现和特定应用框架的构造。转换访问函数实现为动态链接库形式，以便应用程序共享：应用框架用逐步输入－处理－输出图（ＳＩＰＯ）来表示，用程序管理器和具有ＯＬＥ接口的多文本编辑器来构造。集成系统应用于山洪损失评估、山洪风险评估的功能分别以北京北部山区孙胡沟流域、闽江上游地区为例进行了验证。最后以综合分析的原则、发生的原则和为减灾服务的原则为基础，将我国分为六个山洪灾害危险度特征一致性区域即西北区、内蒙区、青藏区、中部平原区和东南区。在这六个区域中，中部区山洪灾害危险度最高，东南区次之，西北区和青藏区较低，东部平原区和内蒙区最低。
The flash flood disaster system is one of the anomalous or catastrophic components of the Earth’s surface system. Accurately assessing the disaster caused by flood, flood and siltation is the basis of disaster relief, disaster reduction and disaster prevention. In this paper, according to the characteristics and current conditions of the flash flood disaster system, a system integration strategy of flash flood disaster evaluation is proposed. That is to say, the integrated system of mountain flood disaster assessment must integrate GIS, expert system and application analysis model, adopt the external connection structure based on public interface module to integrate, at the same time it should have friendly user interface and construct specific application framework for user navigation . In this way, the central part of the integrated flood disaster assessment system implementation is the optimization of component software, the conversion between components, the realization of access functions and the construction of specific application framework. The conversion access function is implemented as a dynamic link library for application sharing: The application framework is represented by a step-by-step input-process-output diagram (SIPO), constructed with a program manager and a multi-text editor with an OLE interface. The integrated system is applied to the function of mountain torrent loss assessment and flash flood risk assessment respectively in the areas of Sunhu Gou basin in mountainous area of northern Beijing and upper reaches of Minjiang River as an example. Finally, based on the principle of comprehensive analysis, the principle of occurrence and the principle of service for disaster reduction, China is divided into six regions that are characteristic of consistency of mountain flood disaster hazard, ie, the northwest region, Inner Mongolia region, Qinghai-Tibet region, central plain region and southeast region. Among these six regions, the highest risk of mountain torrent disasters in the central region is the highest, followed by the southeast region, the lower reaches in the northwest region and the Qinghai-Tibet region, and the lowest in the eastern plain and Inner Mongolia regions.