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目的了解西安市职业病危害分布现状。方法收集2012—2014年在陕西省安全生产监督管理局申报职业病危害的西安市974家企业职业卫生资料,对不同行业、规模和类型企业职业病危害分布情况进行统计分析。结果西安市974家企业共有劳动者277 966人,劳动者接触职业病危害因素百分率(以下简称“接害率”)为16.79%,职业病患病率为0.37%。居民服务、维修及其他服务业劳动者接害率(为41.50%)最高(P<0.001),建筑业劳动者职业病患病率(为2.20%)最高(P<0.001);小型企业劳动者接害率和患病率均分别高于大型企业、中型和微型企业(P<0.001);私有制企业劳动者接害率分别高于公有制企业、其他内资企业和港澳台/外资企业(P<0.001),私有制企业、其他内资企业劳动者职业病患病率分别高于公有制企业和港澳台/外资企业(P<0.001)。建筑业、制造业和采矿业主要存在的职业病危害因素为粉尘;交通运输、仓储和邮政业、居民服务业和其他行业主要存在的职业病危害因素为化学因素。结论小型企业、制造业、建筑业和私有制企业是西安市职业病危害预防控制的重点;应加强对粉尘危害的防治控制。
Objective To understand the distribution of occupational hazards in Xi’an. Methods The occupational health information of 974 enterprises in Xi’an from 2012 to 2014, which was reported by Shaanxi Provincial Administration of Work Safety to occupational diseases, was collected to analyze the distribution of occupational hazards in different industries, scales and types of enterprises. Results A total of 277,966 workers were employed by 974 enterprises in Xi’an. The percentage of workers exposed to occupational hazards was 16.79% and the prevalence of occupational diseases was 0.37%. (41.50%) was the highest (P <0.001), while the incidence of occupational diseases in construction workers was the highest (2.20%) (P <0.001). The employment rate of laborers in small enterprises (P <0.001). The rate of workers in private-owned enterprises was higher than that in public-owned enterprises, other domestic-funded enterprises and Hong Kong-Macao-Taiwan / foreign-funded enterprises (P <0.001) , Private-owned enterprises and other domestic-funded enterprises were higher than those of public-owned enterprises, Hong Kong, Maucao and Taiwan-funded enterprises (P <0.001). Occupational hazards that predominate in the construction, manufacturing and mining industries are dust; dust and occupational hazards are the major occupational hazards in transportation, storage and postal services, residential services and other industries. Conclusion Small enterprises, manufacturing industry, construction industry and private-owned enterprises are the focus of prevention and control of occupational hazards in Xi’an. Prevention and control of dust hazards should be strengthened.