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信仰的极致莫过于宗教的信仰或宗教性的信仰(religiousness)。此处所谓宗教性具有终极的精神性的意义。宗教性的信仰不一定是宗教的信仰而可以是对宇宙人生的终极认识,对真实本体的精神价值的承担,或对一种伦理实践与政治理念的奉持。宗教性的信仰可以同时具有情感性与理智性,也可以同时具有历史性与时代性。任何一个信仰如果称得上是信仰都预设了一个宗教性的心理前提,但往往不为信仰持有者所自觉,也往往形成信仰持有者的言行或知行的不一致。因之宗教性信仰的分析与批判极为重要,它们能够导向理性的启蒙与知识的革新,产生新的宗教性的价值典范。西方16世纪到17世纪的宗教革命是一个显例,西方近代到现代不同阶段的科学及科技革命当然更具有说明性。宗教性的信仰往往是一个文化传统的核心价值与稳定力量,但它也可以成为阻碍进步与发展的势力,或成为推动社会进步与发展文明的动力。它的作用与影响端在其是否能开拓人性的创造力,满足人类发展的需要。在此一理解下,本文将对宗教与伦理的关系进行探讨,即是对知行关系与伦理与知识的关系进行探讨。重点在借助对康德伦理学的超越信仰性与儒家伦理学的内在信仰性的比较分析说明儒家伦理与道德所包含内在信仰性的重要性,并指出此一重要性存在于知识、信仰与实践的一致性与统一性:知不能不信,信不能不知,知而信之或信而知之不能不行,行则不能不知,不能不信。这是对信仰的考验,也是对伦理甚至宗教的考验。儒家把此一考验作为知己、修己、成己以及知人、助人、成人的标准与方法,也是促进社会进步与人类价值的有效途径,在解决纷争的危机时代与追求全球伦理的今日显然具有无可取代的方法与目标意义。
The ultimate faith is none other than religious or religious beliefs. Here the so-called religious has the ultimate spiritual significance. Religious beliefs are not necessarily religious beliefs but can be the ultimate recognition of cosmic life, the commitment to the spiritual values of the true ontology, or the upholding of an ethical and political philosophy. Religious beliefs can have both sentiment and rationality, as well as historicity and timeliness. Any belief that can be regarded as a religion presupposes a religious psychological premise, but it is often not conscious of the believer and often leads to discord among the believers. Because of their analysis and critique of religious beliefs, it is extremely important that they lead to the rational enlightenment and the innovation of knowledge, resulting in new religious value models. The religious revolution in the West from the 16th to the 17th centuries is a case in point. Of course, the scientific and technological revolution from the modern period in the West to modern times is certainly more illustrative. Religious faith is often the core value and stabilizing force of a cultural tradition, but it can also become a force that impedes progress and development or a force that promotes social progress and development of civilization. Its role and influence in the end whether it can develop human creativity, to meet the needs of human development. In this understanding, this article will explore the relationship between religion and ethics, that is, the relationship between knowledge and ethics and ethics and knowledge to explore. Emphasis is placed on the importance of the inherent beliefs contained in the ethics and morality of Confucianism through the comparative analysis of the inner faith of Kant’s ethics and that of Confucian ethics, pointing out that this importance exists in the knowledge, belief and practice Consistency and unity: can not believe, believe can not do not know, but believe or believe can not and can not do, do not know do not know, can not believe. This is a test of faith and a test of ethics and even religion. Confucian standards and methods of self-serving self-cultivation, self-improvement, self-improvement and adult learning are also effective ways to promote social progress and human values. In the era of crisis of resolving disputes and today’s apparently ineffective pursuit of global ethics, Alternative methods and goals.